Alloys

A grade library of alloys filtered by matrix metal, properties and use.

380 grades 33 matrix metals
Iron · 304
304
AISI 304 Stainless Steel
Austenitic structure, corrosion-resistant, easy to fabricate, non-magnetic; the most widely used stainless steel
Composition Cr 18% Ni 8% Mn 2% Si 1% C 0.08%
GB: 06Cr19Ni10 ASTM: 304 JIS: SUS304 EN: 1.4301
ApplicationsKitchenware, food equipment, chemical piping, building decoration, medical devices
Key producersAK Steel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Aluminium · 6061
6061
AA 6061 Aluminum Alloy
Heat-treatable, medium strength, good corrosion resistance and weldability
Composition Si 1.0% Mg 0.6% Cu 0.25% Cr 0.2%
GB: 6061-T6 ASTM: 6061 JIS: A6061 EN: 3.3211
ApplicationsStructural parts, bicycle frames, automation frames, molds, marine components
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Copper · H62
H62
C26000 Brass
Balanced ductility and strength, corrosion-resistant, easy to machine and form, golden color
Composition Cu 62% Zn 38%
GB: H62 ASTM: C26000 JIS: C2600 EN: CuZn37
ApplicationsPlumbing fittings, locks, badges, musical instruments, decorative items, cartridge cases
Key producersMitsubishi Materials, KME Group, Wieland Werke
Gold · 18K
18K
18K Gold Alloy
75% gold content, harder than pure gold, balancing color and wear resistance; the mainstream gold alloy for jewelry
Composition Au 75% Ag 12.5% Cu 12.5%
GB: GB 11887 18K
ApplicationsJewelry, luxury watches, investment gold pieces
Key producersMetalor Technologies, Heraeus, Tanaka Kikinzoku
Aluminium · 7075
7075
AA 7075 Aluminum Alloy
Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series, high strength, aerospace grade, good fatigue performance
Composition Zn 5.6% Mg 2.5% Cu 1.6% Cr 0.23%
GB: 7075-T6 ASTM: 7075 JIS: A7075 EN: 3.4365
ApplicationsAircraft structural parts, aircraft skins, racing bicycle frames, climbing equipment
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Kaiser Aluminum
Iron · 316
316
316 Stainless Steel
Molybdenum-bearing, superior seawater corrosion resistance compared to 304
Composition Cr 16% Ni 10% Mo 2% Fe 72%
GB: 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 ASTM: 316 JIS: SUS316 EN: 1.4401
ApplicationsChemical equipment, marine engineering, medical devices
Key producersAK Steel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · 430
430
430 Stainless Steel
Ferritic stainless steel, magnetic, good formability
Composition Cr 17% Fe 83%
GB: 10Cr17 ASTM: 430 JIS: SUS430 EN: 1.4016
ApplicationsHome appliances, tableware, building decoration
Key producersAK Steel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel
Aluminium · 2024
2024
2024 Aluminum
Duralumin, high strength
Composition Al 93.5% Cu 4.4% Mg 1.5%
ASTM: 2024-T3 ISO: AlCu4Mg1
ApplicationsAircraft skins, wing spars
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Kaiser Aluminum
Aluminium · 5052
5052
5052 Aluminum
Rust-resistant aluminum, medium strength, good formability
Composition Al 97.2% Mg 2.5% Cr 0.25%
ASTM: 5052-H32
ApplicationsSheet metal, fuel tanks, marine applications
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Titanium · TC4
TC4
Ti-6Al-4V
Alpha-beta titanium alloy, high specific strength, corrosion-resistant
Composition Ti 90% Al 6% V 4%
GB: TC4 ASTM: Gr5
ApplicationsAircraft engines, medical implants
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace
Titanium · TA1
TA1
CP Titanium Gr1
Commercially pure titanium, excellent corrosion resistance
Composition Ti 99.5%
ASTM: Gr1
ApplicationsChemical equipment, electrodes
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace
Copper · QSn6.5-0.1
QSn6.5-0.1
Phosphor Bronze
Tin bronze, wear-resistant, good elasticity
Composition Cu 88.4% Sn 11.5% P 0.1%
GB: QSn6.5-0.1
ApplicationsBearings, springs, gears
Key producersMitsubishi Materials, KME Group, Wieland Werke
Copper · B10
B10
Cupronickel B10
Nickel-copper alloy, seawater corrosion-resistant
Composition Cu 88.5% Ni 10.5%
GB: B10
ApplicationsMarine condensers, coins
Key producersMitsubishi Materials, KME Group, Wieland Werke
Nickel · 718
718
Inconel 718
Nickel superalloy, withstands 800°C service
Composition Ni 53% Cr 19% Fe 18.5% Nb 5.1%
ASTM: 718
ApplicationsAircraft engines, gas turbines
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI, Haynes International
Nickel · 400
400
Monel 400
Seawater corrosion-resistant
Composition Ni 66% Cu 31.5% Fe 1.5%
ASTM: Monel 400
ApplicationsMarine applications, chemical valves
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI
Magnesium · AZ31B
AZ31B
AZ31B Magnesium
The lightest structural metal material
Composition Mg 96% Al 3% Zn 1%
ASTM: AZ31B
ApplicationsLaptop casings, automotive wheels
Key producersNorsk Hydro, Magnesium Elektron, Dead Sea Magnesium
Zinc · Zamak 3
Zamak 3
Zamak 3
Die-cast zinc alloy, dimensional stability
Composition Zn 95% Al 4% Cu 0.25%
ASTM: AG40A
ApplicationsHardware, toys
Key producersNyrstar, Umicore, Belmont Metals
Lead · Pb-Ca
Pb-Ca
Lead-Calcium Alloy
Maintenance-free battery grid alloy
Composition Pb 99% Ca 1%
ApplicationsAutomotive batteries
Key producersNyrstar, Umicore, Belmont Metals
Tungsten · WNiFe
WNiFe
W-Ni-Fe Heavy Alloy
High density, high strength
Composition W 90% Ni 7% Fe 3%
ApplicationsArmor-piercing projectiles, counterweights
Key producersMitsubishi Materials, Plansee, H.C. Starck
Titanium · NiTi
NiTi
Nitinol
Shape memory effect, superelasticity
Composition Ti 50% Ni 50%
ApplicationsMedical stents, eyeglass frames
Key producersNitinol Devices & Components, Fort Wayne Metals
Iron · 201
201
AISI 201 Stainless Steel
Cost-effective austenitic grade with Mn/N substituting Ni; higher strength than 304 but lower corrosion resistance
Composition C 0.15% Mn 6.5% Si 0.75% Cr 17% Ni 4.5% N 0.2%
GB: 12Cr17Mn6Ni5N ASTM: 201 JIS: SUS201 EN: 1.4372
ApplicationsTableware, kitchenware, decorative panels, rail vehicles
Key producersAK Steel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · 202
202
AISI 202 Stainless Steel
Mn-substituted austenitic grade with good deep-drawing formability
Composition C 0.15% Mn 8.5% Si 0.75% Cr 17.5% Ni 5% N 0.2%
GB: 12Cr18Mn9Ni5N ASTM: 202 JIS: SUS202 EN: 1.4373
ApplicationsKitchenware, sinks, architectural trim, vacuum flasks
Key producersAK Steel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · 301
301
AISI 301 Stainless Steel
Metastable austenitic grade with strong work-hardening; high-strength strip after cold rolling
Composition C 0.08% Mn 1.5% Si 0.75% Cr 17% Ni 7%
GB: 12Cr17Ni7 ASTM: 301 JIS: SUS301 EN: 1.4310
ApplicationsSprings, structural parts, railcar skins, conveyor belts
Key producersAK Steel, ArcelorMittal, Aperam, POSCO
Iron · 302
302
AISI 302 Stainless Steel
Higher-carbon variant of 304 with slightly higher strength
Composition C 0.12% Mn 1.5% Si 0.75% Cr 18% Ni 9%
GB: 1Cr18Ni9 ASTM: 302 JIS: SUS302 EN: 1.4319
ApplicationsSprings, fasteners, wire rope, general structural parts
Key producersAK Steel, ArcelorMittal, Aperam, POSCO
Iron · 303
303
AISI 303 Stainless Steel
Free-machining austenitic grade (S added) with excellent machinability, slightly lower corrosion resistance
Composition C 0.1% Mn 1.5% Si 0.75% Cr 18% Ni 9% S 0.3% P 0.2%
GB: Y1Cr18Ni9 ASTM: 303 JIS: SUS303 EN: 1.4305
ApplicationsShafts, nuts, gears, instrument parts (machined components)
Key producersAK Steel, ArcelorMittal, Aperam, POSCO
Iron · 304L
304L
AISI 304L Stainless Steel
Low-carbon 304 that avoids sensitization; better weldability
Composition C 0.03% Mn 1.5% Si 0.75% Cr 18.5% Ni 9.5%
GB: 022Cr19Ni10 ASTM: 304L JIS: SUS304L EN: 1.4306
ApplicationsThick-walled vessels, welded structures, food & chemical equipment
Key producersAK Steel, Aperam, Outokumpu, POSCO
Iron · 316L
316L
AISI 316L Stainless Steel
Mo-bearing low-carbon austenitic grade resistant to chloride pitting/crevice corrosion; medical grade
Composition C 0.03% Mn 1.5% Si 0.75% Cr 17% Ni 12% Mo 2.5%
GB: 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 ASTM: 316L JIS: SUS316L EN: 1.4404
ApplicationsMarine equipment, medical devices, pharmaceutical & chemical plants, nuclear power
Key producersAK Steel, Aperam, Outokumpu, POSCO
Iron · 317
317
AISI 317 Stainless Steel
Higher-Mo austenitic grade for strong corrosive media such as sulfuric/sulfurous acids
Composition C 0.08% Mn 1.5% Si 0.75% Cr 19% Ni 13% Mo 3.5%
GB: 06Cr19Ni13Mo3 ASTM: 317 JIS: SUS317 EN: 1.4449
ApplicationsChemical vessels, paper machinery, flue-gas desulfurization
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · 321
321
AISI 321 Stainless Steel
Ti-stabilized austenitic grade resisting intergranular corrosion; suited to 425–900 °C service
Composition C 0.06% Mn 1.5% Si 0.75% Cr 18% Ni 10.5% Ti 0.4%
GB: 06Cr18Ni11Ti ASTM: 321 JIS: SUS321 EN: 1.4541
ApplicationsBoilers, heat exchangers, aero-engine exhaust systems
Key producersAK Steel, Aperam, Outokumpu, POSCO
Iron · 347
347
AISI 347 Stainless Steel
Nb-stabilized austenitic grade with good high-temperature creep strength
Composition C 0.06% Mn 1.5% Si 0.75% Cr 18% Ni 11% Nb 0.7%
GB: 06Cr18Ni11Nb ASTM: 347 JIS: SUS347 EN: 1.4550
ApplicationsSupercritical boiler tubes, superheaters, welded structures
Key producersAK Steel, Aperam, Outokumpu, POSCO
Iron · 410
410
AISI 410 Stainless Steel
General-purpose martensitic grade, hardenable; moderate corrosion resistance
Composition C 0.12% Mn 1% Si 0.75% Cr 12%
GB: 1Cr13 ASTM: 410 JIS: SUS410 EN: 1.4006
ApplicationsCutlery, valves, shafts, fasteners, steam-turbine blades
Key producersAK Steel, Aperam, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · 416
416
AISI 416 Stainless Steel
Free-machining martensitic grade with the best machinability among stainless steels
Composition C 0.12% Mn 1% Si 0.75% Cr 12.5% S 0.3%
GB: Y1Cr13 ASTM: 416 JIS: SUS416 EN: 1.4005
ApplicationsAutomatic-lathe parts, nuts, valve stems
Key producersAK Steel, Aperam, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · 420
420
AISI 420 Stainless Steel
High-carbon martensitic grade; hardness above HRC50 after hardening
Composition C 0.2% Mn 1% Si 0.75% Cr 13%
GB: 2Cr13/3Cr13 ASTM: 420 JIS: SUS420J2 EN: 1.4021
ApplicationsSurgical instruments, cutlery, dies, springs
Key producersAK Steel, Aperam, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · 440C
440C
AISI 440C Stainless Steel
Highest-hardness martensitic stainless (HRC58–60); limited corrosion resistance
Composition C 1.05% Mn 1% Si 0.75% Cr 17% Mo 0.5%
GB: 9Cr18MoV ASTM: 440C JIS: SUS440C EN: 1.4125
ApplicationsBearings, ball valves, dies, precision cutting tools
Key producersAK Steel, Aperam, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · 17-4PH
17-4PH
17-4PH Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steel
Precipitation-hardened martensitic grade combining high strength (>1000 MPa UTS) with good corrosion resistance
Composition C 0.05% Mn 0.8% Si 0.7% Cr 16% Ni 4.2% Cu 3.4% Nb 0.3%
GB: 05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb ASTM: 17-4PH JIS: SUS630 EN: 1.4542
ApplicationsAerospace structures, pump shafts, valves, fasteners
Key producersCarpenter Technology, ATI, Sandvik, Allegheny Technologies
Iron · 2205
2205
2205 Duplex Stainless Steel
Duplex grade (≈50/50 austenite+ferrite) with roughly twice the yield strength of 316 and excellent SCC resistance
Composition C 0.03% Mn 1.5% Si 0.75% Cr 22.5% Ni 5.5% Mo 3.2% N 0.17%
GB: 022Cr23Ni5Mo3N ASTM: 2205 JIS: SUS329J3L EN: 1.4462
ApplicationsOffshore platforms, chemical heat exchangers, tanks, pulp bleaching
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · 2507
2507
2507 Super Duplex Stainless Steel
Super-duplex grade with PREN>40 and very high strength
Composition C 0.03% Mn 0.9% Si 0.6% Cr 25% Ni 7% Mo 4% N 0.27%
GB: 022Cr25Ni7Mo4N ASTM: 2507 JIS: SUS329J4L EN: 1.4410
ApplicationsDeep-sea pipelines, desalination, chlor-alkali, FGD systems
Key producersOutokumpu, Sandvik, ArcelorMittal, Aperam
Iron · 904L
904L
904L Super Austenitic Stainless Steel
High-Ni high-Mo super austenitic grade resisting sulfuric/phosphoric acid and seawater
Composition C 0.02% Mn 1.5% Si 0.6% Cr 21% Ni 25% Mo 4.5% Cu 1.5%
GB: 015Cr21Ni26Mo5Cu2 ASTM: 904L JIS: SUS890L EN: 1.4539
ApplicationsSulfuric-acid plants, offshore platforms, heat exchangers, pharmaceuticals
Key producersOutokumpu, Aperam, Nippon Steel
Iron · 309
309
AISI 309 Stainless Steel
Heat-resistant austenitic grade with oxidation resistance to ~1000 °C
Composition C 0.08% Mn 1.5% Si 0.75% Cr 23% Ni 13.5%
GB: 06Cr23Ni13 ASTM: 309 JIS: SUS309S EN: 1.4833
ApplicationsFurnace parts, furnace rolls, thermocouple sheaths
Key producersAK Steel, ArcelorMittal, Aperam, POSCO
Iron · 310S
310S
AISI 310S Stainless Steel
25Cr-20Ni heat-resistant austenitic grade, oxidation resistant to ~1100 °C and carburization resistant
Composition C 0.06% Mn 1.5% Si 0.75% Cr 25% Ni 20%
GB: 06Cr25Ni20 ASTM: 310S JIS: SUS310S EN: 1.4845
ApplicationsHigh-temperature furnace tubes, annealing hoods, heat-treatment equipment
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · Q235
Q235
Q235 Carbon Structural Steel
Plain carbon structural steel with balanced strength, ductility and weldability at low cost
Composition C 0.17% Mn 0.7% Si 0.3% Fe 99%
GB: Q235 ASTM: A36 approx. JIS: SS400 EN: S235JR
ApplicationsBuilding structures, bridges, general machinery parts, welded members
Key producersBaosteel, Ansteel, HBIS Group, CITIC Metal
Iron · Q345
Q345
Q345 Low-Alloy High-Strength Steel
Low-alloy high-strength structural steel (yield 345 MPa), good weldability
Composition C 0.17% Mn 1.5% Si 0.4% V 0.05% Fe 98%
GB: Q345 (now Q355) ASTM: A572 Gr50 JIS: SM490 EN: S355JR
ApplicationsBridges, ships, pressure vessels, construction machinery
Key producersBaosteel, Ansteel, HBIS Group, CITIC Metal
Iron · 45#
45#
GB 45 Medium Carbon Steel
Quality medium-carbon steel; quenched-tempered for strength-toughness balance; the most common medium-carbon grade
Composition C 0.45% Mn 0.65% Si 0.27% Fe 98.6%
GB: 45 ASTM: 1045 JIS: S45C EN: C45
ApplicationsShafts, gears, connecting rods, dies, bolts
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · 40Cr
40Cr
40Cr Alloy Structural Steel
Cr-alloy structural steel with high strength and good hardenability after Q&T
Composition C 0.4% Cr 1.0% Mn 0.65% Si 0.27% Fe 98%
GB: 40Cr ASTM: 5140 JIS: SCr440 EN: 41Cr4
ApplicationsDrive shafts, gears, crankshafts, connecting rods, bolts
Key producersBaosteel, Ansteel, HBIS Group, CITIC Metal
Iron · 42CrMo
42CrMo
42CrMo Alloy Structural Steel
Cr-Mo steel with high strength, toughness, hardenability and fatigue resistance
Composition C 0.42% Cr 1.0% Mo 0.22% Mn 0.7% Si 0.27% Fe 97.4%
GB: 42CrMo ASTM: 4140 JIS: SCM440 EN: 42CrMo4
ApplicationsHeavy-duty shafts, gears, wind-turbine spindles, dies, oil-drilling tools
Key producersBaosteel, Ansteel, HBIS Group, CITIC Metal
Iron · 20CrMnTi
20CrMnTi
20CrMnTi Carburizing Steel
Carburizing gear steel with hard wear-resistant case and tough core
Composition C 0.2% Cr 1.1% Mn 0.95% Ti 0.06% Si 0.27% Fe 97.4%
GB: 20CrMnTi ASTM: 8620H approx. JIS: SMK22 EN: 20MnCr5
ApplicationsTransmission gears, drive parts, shafts
Key producersBaosteel, Ansteel, HBIS Group, CITIC Metal
Iron · 65Mn
65Mn
65Mn Spring Steel
Mn spring steel with high hardenability and elasticity
Composition C 0.65% Mn 1.0% Si 0.27% Fe 98%
GB: 65Mn ASTM: 1065 JIS: S65C EN: C65E
ApplicationsVehicle leaf springs, coil springs, saw blades, clock springs
Key producersBaosteel, Ansteel, HBIS Group, CITIC Metal
Iron · 60Si2Mn
60Si2Mn
60Si2Mn Spring Steel
Si-Mn spring steel with high elastic limit and good relaxation resistance
Composition C 0.6% Si 1.8% Mn 0.85% Fe 96.7%
GB: 60Si2Mn ASTM: 9260 JIS: SUP7 EN: 60Si7
ApplicationsHeavy-duty springs, vehicle leaf springs, rail fasteners
Key producersBaosteel, Ansteel, HBIS Group, CITIC Metal
Iron · GCr15
GCr15
GCr15 Bearing Steel
High-carbon Cr bearing steel with high hardness, wear resistance and fatigue life
Composition C 1.0% Cr 1.5% Mn 0.3% Si 0.25% Fe 97%
GB: GCr15 ASTM: 52100 JIS: SUJ2 EN: 100Cr6
ApplicationsBearing rings & rolling elements, precision gauges, ball screws
Key producersBaosteel, Ansteel, HBIS Group, CITIC Metal
Iron · H13
H13
H13 Hot-Work Die Steel
Cr-Mo-V hot-work die steel with excellent hot strength, toughness and thermal-fatigue resistance
Composition C 0.4% Cr 5.2% Mo 1.4% V 1.0% Si 1.0% Mn 0.4% Fe 90.6%
GB: 4Cr5MoSiV1 ASTM: H13 JIS: SKD61 EN: 1.2344
ApplicationsDie-casting dies, forging dies, extrusion dies, aluminum-profile dies
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · D2
D2
D2 Cold-Work Die Steel
High-C high-Cr cold-work die steel with excellent wear resistance and hardenability
Composition C 1.5% Cr 12% Mo 1.0% V 0.9% Mn 0.4% Si 0.4% Fe 83.8%
GB: Cr12MoV ASTM: D2 JIS: SKD11 EN: 1.2379
ApplicationsBlank dies, cold-heading dies, shear blades, gauges
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · O1
O1
O1 Oil-Hardening Tool Steel
Oil-hardening cold-work tool steel with minimal distortion and good dimensional stability
Composition C 0.9% Mn 1.2% Cr 0.5% W 0.5% V 0.2% Fe 96.7%
GB: 9CrWMn ASTM: O1 JIS: SKS3 EN: 1.2510
ApplicationsPunches, trimming dies, cutting tools, gauges
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · M2
M2
M2 High-Speed Steel
General-purpose W-Mo HSS with red hardness above 600 °C and high wear resistance
Composition C 0.85% Cr 4.2% Mo 5.0% W 6.3% V 1.9% Fe 81.8%
GB: W6Mo5Cr4V2 ASTM: M2 JIS: SKH51 EN: 1.3343
ApplicationsDrills, end mills, taps, broaches, gear cutters
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · W18Cr4V
W18Cr4V
W18 High-Speed Steel
Classic W-series HSS with excellent red hardness and grindability
Composition C 0.75% Cr 4.0% W 18% V 1.2% Fe 76%
GB: W18Cr4V ASTM: T1 JIS: SKH2 EN: 1.3355
ApplicationsHigh-precision cutters, form mills, lathe tools
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · S136
S136
S136 Mirror-Finish Mold Steel
Martensitic stainless mold steel with superb polishability and corrosion resistance
Composition C 0.38% Cr 13.6% Mo 0.5% V 0.3% Si 0.9% Fe 84.3%
GB: 4Cr13 modified ASTM: 420 modified JIS: SUS420J2 modified EN: 1.2083
ApplicationsPlastic molds, mirror-finish molds, medical molds
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · P20
P20
P20 Prehardened Mold Steel
Prehardened (HRC28–32) plastic mold steel with good machinability
Composition C 0.37% Cr 1.8% Mo 0.4% Mn 0.9% Si 0.5% Fe 96%
GB: 3Cr2Mo ASTM: P20 JIS: SCM440 prehardened EN: 1.2311
ApplicationsHome-appliance & automotive plastic molds, mold bases
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · NM450
NM450
NM450 Wear-Resistant Steel
Heat-treated wear plate at ~HB450 hardness
Composition C 0.25% Mn 1.5% Cr 1.2% Mo 0.35% B 0.003% Fe 96.7%
GB: NM450 EN: Weldox450 approx. JIS: EH450 approx.
ApplicationsMining dump-truck bodies, loader buckets, chute liners
Key producersSSAB (Hardox), Baosteel, JFE Steel
Iron · 16MnCr5
16MnCr5
16MnCr5 Carburizing Steel
European carburizing steel with wear-resistant case and tough core
Composition C 0.16% Mn 1.1% Cr 1.0% Fe 97.7%
GB: 16CrMnH ASTM: 5115 JIS: SMnC420H EN: 16MnCr5
ApplicationsAutomotive gears, shafts, cams, piston pins
Key producersBaosteel, Ansteel, HBIS Group, CITIC Metal
Aluminium · 1060
1060
AA 1060 Commercially Pure Aluminum
Commercially pure aluminum with excellent conductivity, formability and corrosion resistance
Composition Al 99.6% Fe 0.25% Si 0.1%
GB: 1060 ASTM: 1060 JIS: A1060 EN: EN AW-1060
ApplicationsCapacitors, electronic leads, chemical tanks, trim
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 1100
1100
AA 1100 Aluminum
Slightly stronger than 1060 with good formability
Composition Al 99% Fe 0.55% Si 0.1%
GB: 1100 ASTM: 1100 JIS: A1100 EN: EN AW-1100
ApplicationsFood containers, cookware, heat sinks, nameplates
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 3003
3003
AA 3003 Aluminum
Mn-alloyed rust-resistant grade with better corrosion resistance than pure Al
Composition Al 98.2% Mn 1.2% Fe 0.5% Si 0.4%
GB: 3003 ASTM: 3003 JIS: A3003 EN: EN AW-3003
ApplicationsCookware, fuel tanks, chemical equipment, curtain-wall panels
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 5083
5083
AA 5083 Aluminum
Al-Mg alloy with high strength, seawater resistance and excellent low-temperature toughness
Composition Al 94.4% Mg 4.5% Mn 0.6% Cr 0.15%
GB: 5083 ASTM: 5083 JIS: A5083 EN: EN AW-5083
ApplicationsShip hulls, LNG tanks, pressure vessels, automotive sheet
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 5056
5056
AA 5056 Aluminum
High-Mg alloy with high strength and resistance to stress corrosion
Composition Al 94.5% Mg 5.2% Mn 0.12% Cr 0.12%
GB: 5A06 approx. ASTM: 5056 JIS: A5056 EN: EN AW-5056
ApplicationsFishing reels, cable, rivet wire
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 6063
6063
AA 6063 Aluminum
Best-extrudability Al-Mg-Si alloy, anodizing friendly
Composition Al 98.5% Mg 0.7% Si 0.4%
GB: 6063 ASTM: 6063 JIS: A6063 EN: EN AW-6063
ApplicationsWindow/door profiles, heat sinks, rail-vehicle frames
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 6082
6082
AA 6082 Aluminum
High-strength Al-Mg-Si grade with good weldability and corrosion resistance
Composition Al 97% Mg 1.0% Si 1.0% Mn 0.6%
GB: 6082 ASTM: 6082 JIS: A6082 EN: EN AW-6082
ApplicationsBridge structures, cranes, bicycle frames, ship superstructures
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 7050
7050
AA 7050 Aluminum
Ultra-high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu with better thick-section quench sensitivity than 7075
Composition Al 89.4% Zn 6.2% Mg 2.3% Cu 2.0% Zr 0.12%
GB: 7A05 approx. ASTM: 7050 JIS: A7050 EN: EN AW-7050
ApplicationsAircraft frames, wing spars, missile structures
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 7475
7475
AA 7475 Aluminum
High-purity 7075-type alloy with markedly improved fracture toughness
Composition Al 89.8% Zn 5.7% Mg 2.3% Cu 1.6% Cr 0.22%
GB: 7A09 approx. ASTM: 7475 JIS: A7475 EN: EN AW-7475
ApplicationsAircraft skins, wing lower panels, pressure vessels
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 2011
2011
AA 2011 Free-Machining Aluminum
Free-machining Al-Cu alloy with the best machinability of aluminum grades
Composition Al 92.8% Cu 5.5% Pb 0.4% Bi 0.4%
GB: 2011 ASTM: 2011 JIS: A2011 EN: EN AW-2011
ApplicationsAutomatic-lathe parts, fittings, bushings
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 4032
4032
AA 4032 Aluminum
Al-Si heat-resistant forging alloy with low expansion and good wear resistance
Composition Al 86.8% Si 11.5% Mg 1.0% Cu 0.9% Ni 0.9%
GB: 4032 ASTM: 4032 JIS: A4032 EN: EN AW-4032
ApplicationsPistons, piston rings, compressor parts
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 7075-T6
7075-T6
AA 7075-T6 Aluminum Alloy
T6 (solution + artificial aging) temper with ~570 MPa UTS; among the strongest commercial aluminum alloys
Composition Al 90% Zn 5.6% Mg 2.5% Cu 1.6% Cr 0.23%
GB: 7075-T6 ASTM: 7075-T6 JIS: A7075-T6 EN: EN AW-7075-T6
ApplicationsAerospace parts, tooling, high-end bicycle components
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Copper · T2
T2
T2 Copper
High-conductivity pure copper (≥99% IACS)
Composition Cu 99.9% O 0.05%
GB: T2 ASTM: C11000 JIS: C1100 EN: Cu-ETP
ApplicationsWire & cable, busbars, heat-exchanger tubes, bus bars
Key producersJiangxi Copper, Tongling Nonferrous, Yunnan Copper, Zhongtian Copper
Copper · TU1
TU1
TU1 Oxygen-Free Copper
Oxygen-free copper with extreme purity, no hydrogen embrittlement
Composition Cu 99.99% O 0.001%
GB: TU1 ASTM: C10100 JIS: C1011 EN: Cu-OF
ApplicationsLead frames, superconductor stabilizers, vacuum devices
Key producersJiangxi Copper, Tongling Nonferrous, Yunnan Copper, Zhongtian Copper
Copper · H59
H59
H59 Brass
High-Zn brass, strong and free-cutting
Composition Cu 59% Zn 41%
GB: H59 ASTM: C28000 JIS: C2800 EN: CuZn40
ApplicationsLocks, fasteners, radiator parts, sanitary ware
Key producersJiangxi Copper, Tongling Nonferrous, Yunnan Copper, Zhongtian Copper
Copper · H65
H65
H65 Brass
Mid-Zn brass with good ductility, corrosion resistance and deep-drawing performance
Composition Cu 65% Zn 35%
GB: H65 ASTM: C27000 JIS: C2700 EN: CuZn35
ApplicationsCartridge cases, heat sinks, hardware, watch straps
Key producersJiangxi Copper, Tongling Nonferrous, Yunnan Copper, Zhongtian Copper
Copper · H68
H68
H68 Brass
Low-Zn brass with among the best formability
Composition Cu 68% Zn 32%
GB: H68 ASTM: C26200 JIS: C2680 EN: CuZn32
ApplicationsDeep-drawn parts, bellows, condenser tubes, artworks
Key producersJiangxi Copper, Tongling Nonferrous, Yunnan Copper, Zhongtian Copper
Copper · H90
H90
H90 Brass
High-Cu brass with golden color and good corrosion resistance
Composition Cu 90% Zn 10%
GB: H90 ASTM: C22000 JIS: C2200 EN: CuZn10
ApplicationsMedals, badges, plating substrates, architectural trim
Key producersJiangxi Copper, Tongling Nonferrous, Yunnan Copper, Zhongtian Copper
Copper · QSn4-3
QSn4-3
QSn4-3 Tin Bronze
Tin-zinc bronze with good elasticity, wear and corrosion resistance
Composition Cu 93% Sn 4% Zn 3%
GB: QSn4-3 ASTM: C51000 JIS: C5111 EN: CuSn4
ApplicationsSprings, bearings, brushes, gears
Key producersJiangxi Copper, Tongling Nonferrous, Yunnan Copper, Zhongtian Copper
Copper · QSn10
QSn10
QSn10 Tin Bronze
High-tin bronze with high hardness and wear resistance
Composition Cu 90% Sn 10%
GB: QSn10 ASTM: C52400 JIS: C5240 EN: CuSn10
ApplicationsHeavy-duty bearings, bushings, worm wheels, valve parts
Key producersJiangxi Copper, Tongling Nonferrous, Yunnan Copper, Zhongtian Copper
Copper · QAl9-4
QAl9-4
QAl9-4 Aluminum Bronze
Al-Fe bronze with high strength and resistance to seawater and sulfuric acid
Composition Cu 87% Al 9% Fe 4%
GB: QAl9-4 ASTM: C62300 JIS: C6161 EN: CuAl9Fe4
ApplicationsMarine propellers, pump valves, gears, wear parts
Key producersJiangxi Copper, Tongling Nonferrous, Yunnan Copper, Zhongtian Copper
Copper · QBe2
QBe2
QBe2 Beryllium Bronze
Precipitation-hardened Be-Cu with steel-like strength, non-magnetic and spark-proof
Composition Cu 97.5% Be 2.0% Ni 0.5%
GB: QBe2 ASTM: C17200 JIS: C1720 EN: CuBe2
ApplicationsSprings, contacts, dies, explosion-proof tools
Key producersJiangxi Copper, Tongling Nonferrous, Yunnan Copper, Zhongtian Copper
Copper · B30
B30
B30 Cupronickel
High-Ni cupronickel with excellent seawater and biofouling resistance
Composition Cu 70% Ni 30%
GB: B30 ASTM: C71500 JIS: C7150 EN: CuNi30Mn1Fe
ApplicationsShip condenser tubes, desalination, thermocouples
Key producersJiangxi Copper, Tongling Nonferrous, Yunnan Copper, Zhongtian Copper
Copper · HMn58-2
HMn58-2
HMn58-2 Manganese Brass
Manganese brass with high strength and corrosion resistance
Composition Cu 58% Mn 2% Zn 40%
GB: HMn58-2 ASTM: C67000 JIS: C6701 EN: CuZn40Mn
ApplicationsMarine parts, valve bodies, propeller shafts
Key producersJiangxi Copper, Tongling Nonferrous, Yunnan Copper, Zhongtian Copper
Copper · C17200
C17200
C17200 Beryllium Copper
Universal high-strength Be-Cu, HRC38–43 after aging
Composition Cu 98% Be 1.9% Co 0.1%
GB: QBe1.9 ASTM: C17200 JIS: C1720 EN: CuBe2
ApplicationsAerospace connectors, precision springs, conductive clips
Key producersAurubis, KME Group, Wieland Werke, Mitsubishi Materials
Copper · C22000
C22000
C22000 Commercial Bronze
Commercial bronze with gold-like color and good workability
Composition Cu 90% Zn 10%
GB: H90similar ASTM: C22000 JIS: C2200 EN: CuZn10
ApplicationsJewelry, architectural hardware, medals, lighting
Key producersAurubis, KME Group, Wieland Werke, Mitsubishi Materials
Nickel · Inconel 600
Inconel 600
Inconel 600
Solid-solution Ni-Cr-Fe alloy resistant to oxidation and chloride stress corrosion
Composition Ni 72% Cr 15.5% Fe 8% Mn 0.5%
GB: NS312 ASTM: N06600 JIS: NCF600 EN: 2.4816
ApplicationsChemical plant, heat-treatment furnaces, nuclear components
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI Specialty Materials, Carpenter Technology, VDM Metals
Nickel · Inconel 625
Inconel 625
Inconel 625
Mo-Nb strengthened Ni alloy with outstanding corrosion resistance and high strength
Composition Ni 61% Cr 21.5% Mo 9% Nb 3.6% Fe 3% C 0.04%
GB: GH3625 ASTM: N06625 JIS: NCF625 EN: 2.4856
ApplicationsOffshore engineering, aero exhaust ducts, chemical heat exchangers, nuclear
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI Specialty Materials, Carpenter Technology, VDM Metals
Nickel · Inconel 690
Inconel 690
Inconel 690
High-Cr Ni alloy resistant to intergranular and stress corrosion cracking
Composition Ni 60% Cr 29% Fe 9% Mn 0.5%
GB: NS315 ASTM: N06690 JIS: NCF690 EN: 2.4642
ApplicationsNuclear steam-generator tubes, high-chloride chemical service
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI Specialty Materials, Carpenter Technology, VDM Metals
Nickel · Inconel X-750
Inconel X-750
Inconel X-750
Precipitation-hardened Ni alloy with high creep strength at temperature
Composition Ni 73% Cr 15.5% Fe 7% Ti 2.5% Al 0.7% Nb 0.9%
GB: GH4145 ASTM: N07750 JIS: NCF750 EN: 2.4669
ApplicationsGas-turbine blades, fasteners, springs, rocket-engine parts
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI Specialty Materials, Carpenter Technology, VDM Metals
Nickel · Hastelloy C-276
Hastelloy C-276
Hastelloy C-276
Corrosion-resistant Ni alloy for mixed oxidizing/reducing media, pitting and SCC
Composition Ni 57% Mo 16% Cr 15.5% Fe 5.5% W 3.5% Co 2%
GB: NS334 ASTM: N10276 JIS: NW0276 EN: 2.4819
ApplicationsFGD systems, chemical reactors, pharmaceuticals, pulp
Key producersHaynes International
Nickel · Hastelloy B-2
Hastelloy B-2
Hastelloy B-2
Ni-Mo alloy resistant to hydrochloric acid at all concentrations up to boiling
Composition Ni 70% Mo 28% Fe 1.5% C 0.005%
GB: NS322 ASTM: N10665 JIS: NW1065 EN: 2.4617
ApplicationsHCl synthesis, aluminum chloride, alkylation units
Key producersHaynes International
Nickel · Incoloy 800
Incoloy 800
Incoloy 800
Ni-Fe-Cr solid-solution alloy balancing high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance
Composition Ni 32.5% Cr 21% Fe 46% Ti 0.4% Al 0.4%
GB: NS111 ASTM: N08800 JIS: NCF800 EN: 1.4876
ApplicationsReformer tubes, furnace parts, nuclear steam generators
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI Specialty Materials, Carpenter Technology, VDM Metals
Nickel · Incoloy 825
Incoloy 825
Incoloy 825
Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu alloy resisting sulfuric/phosphoric acids and chlorides
Composition Ni 42% Cr 21.5% Fe 29% Mo 3% Cu 2.2% Ti 0.9%
GB: NS142 ASTM: N08825 JIS: NCF825 EN: 2.4858
ApplicationsPickling plants, oil & gas well tubulars, heat exchangers
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI Specialty Materials, Carpenter Technology, VDM Metals
Nickel · Nimonic 80A
Nimonic 80A
Nimonic 80A
Precipitation-hardened Ni alloy with high creep strength below 700 °C
Composition Ni 74% Cr 20% Ti 2.3% Al 1.4% Co 1%
GB: GH4080A ASTM: N07080 JIS: NCF80A EN: 2.4952
ApplicationsTurbine blades, engine valves, bolts
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI Specialty Materials, Carpenter Technology, VDM Metals
Nickel · René 41
René 41
René 41
High-strength PH Ni alloy for short-time service to 980 °C
Composition Ni 55% Cr 19% Co 11% Mo 10% Ti 3.1% Al 1.5% Fe 1%
GB: GH4049 approx. ASTM: N07041 JIS: - EN: 2.4973
ApplicationsJet-engine turbine discs, afterburners, space hardware
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI Specialty Materials, Carpenter Technology, VDM Metals
Nickel · Nimonic 90
Nimonic 90
Nimonic 90
Co-strengthened Ni alloy stronger than 80A at temperature
Composition Ni 58% Cr 19.5% Co 16.5% Ti 2.4% Al 1.4%
GB: GH4090 ASTM: N07090 JIS: NCF90 EN: 2.4632
ApplicationsAero-engine blades, turbine discs, hot-work tools
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI Specialty Materials, Carpenter Technology, VDM Metals
Nickel · Hastelloy X
Hastelloy X
Hastelloy X
Solid-solution Ni alloy oxidation-resistant to ~1200 °C with good fabricability
Composition Ni 47% Cr 22% Fe 18.5% Mo 9% Co 1.5% W 0.6%
GB: GH3536 ASTM: N06002 JIS: NCF2 EN: 2.4665
ApplicationsGas-turbine combustors, diffusion furnaces, chemical furnace tubes
Key producersHaynes International
Nickel · Waspaloy
Waspaloy
Waspaloy
γ'-strengthened Ni alloy for turbine discs to ~870 °C
Composition Ni 58% Cr 19.5% Co 13.5% Mo 4.3% Ti 3% Al 1.4% Fe 1%
GB: GH4738 ASTM: N07001 JIS: - EN: 2.4654
ApplicationsJet-engine discs and blades, fasteners
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI Specialty Materials, Carpenter Technology, VDM Metals
Titanium · TA2
TA2
TA2 Commercially Pure Titanium
Commercially pure titanium with outstanding corrosion resistance and weldability
Composition Ti 99.5% Fe 0.3% O 0.25%
GB: TA2 ASTM: Gr2 JIS: TP270 EN: 3.7035
ApplicationsChemical heat exchangers, seawater piping, anodes
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Titanium · TA15
TA15
TA15 Titanium Alloy
Near-α high-temperature Ti alloy with better hot strength than TC4 at 500 °C
Composition Ti 89.5% Al 6.5% Zr 2% Mo 1.5% V 0.5%
GB: TA15 ASTM: - JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsAircraft frames, spars, engine casings
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Titanium · TC2
TC2
TC2 Titanium Alloy
Al-Mn titanium alloy with moderate strength and corrosion resistance
Composition Ti 95% Al 4% Mn 1%
GB: TC2 ASTM: Gr4 approx. JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsAircraft skins, marine parts, chemical equipment
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Titanium · TC6
TC6
TC6 Titanium Alloy
α+β titanium alloy with good hot strength for compressor discs and blades
Composition Ti 90% Al 6% Mo 2.5% Cr 1.5%
GB: TC6 ASTM: - JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsCompressor discs and blades, aircraft structures
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Titanium · TC11
TC11
TC11 Titanium Alloy
High-temperature Ti alloy for 500 °C service with good fatigue strength
Composition Ti 89% Al 6.5% Mo 3.5% Zr 1%
GB: TC11 ASTM: - JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsCompressor discs, blades, drums
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Titanium · TB6
TB6
TB6 Titanium Alloy (Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al)
β titanium alloy with ultra-high strength, deep hardenability and wide forging range
Composition Ti 85% V 10% Fe 2% Al 3%
GB: TB6 ASTM: Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsLanding gear, fuselage fittings, high-strength fasteners
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Titanium · Ti-3Al-2.5V
Ti-3Al-2.5V
Ti-3Al-2.5V Titanium
Near-α Ti alloy with good cold formability and weldability
Composition Ti 94.5% Al 3% V 2.5%
GB: TA18 ASTM: Gr9 JIS: - EN: 3.7195
ApplicationsHydraulic tubing, bicycle frames, golf clubs
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, ATI
Magnesium · AZ91D
AZ91D
AZ91D Magnesium Alloy
Most common die-casting Mg alloy with high strength and good castability
Composition Mg 90.5% Al 9% Zn 0.7% Mn 0.25%
GB: AZ91D ASTM: AZ91D JIS: MDC1D EN: EN-MC95310
ApplicationsAutomotive IP structures, 3C housings, power-tool bodies
Key producersMagnesium Elektron (Luxfer MEL), Norsk Hydro, Dead Sea Magnesium
Magnesium · AM60B
AM60B
AM60B Magnesium Alloy
High-toughness die-casting Mg alloy, more ductile than AZ91D
Composition Mg 93.5% Al 6% Mn 0.3%
GB: AM60B ASTM: AM60B JIS: MDC2B EN: EN-MC21310
ApplicationsSeat frames, wheels, instrument panels
Key producersMagnesium Elektron (Luxfer MEL), Norsk Hydro, Dead Sea Magnesium
Magnesium · ZK60
ZK60
ZK60 Magnesium Alloy
Wrought Mg alloy with high strength (age-hardenable)
Composition Mg 95.5% Zn 4% Zr 0.6%
GB: ZK60 ASTM: ZK60A JIS: - EN: EN-MW60080
ApplicationsAerospace structures, sports equipment, racing parts
Key producersMagnesium Elektron (Luxfer MEL), Norsk Hydro, Dead Sea Magnesium
Magnesium · WE43
WE43
WE43 Magnesium Alloy
RE-Mg alloy with good hot strength to 300 °C and better corrosion resistance
Composition Mg 92% Y 4% Nd 2.2% Zr 0.4%
GB: WE43 ASTM: WE43A JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsAero-engine casings, racing gearboxes, biodegradable stents
Key producersMagnesium Elektron (Luxfer MEL), Norsk Hydro, Dead Sea Magnesium
Magnesium · AE44
AE44
AE44 Magnesium Alloy
Al-RE creep-resistant Mg alloy for 200 °C service
Composition Mg 92.5% Al 4% RE 3% Mn 0.2%
GB: AE44 ASTM: AE44 JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsEngine blocks, transmission housings
Key producersMagnesium Elektron (Luxfer MEL), Norsk Hydro, Dead Sea Magnesium
Magnesium · ZE41
ZE41
ZE41 Magnesium Alloy
Zn-RE Mg alloy balancing castability and strength
Composition Mg 94% Zn 4% RE 1.2% Zr 0.6%
GB: ZE41 ASTM: ZE41A JIS: - EN: EN-MC65100
ApplicationsHelicopter gearbox housings, aerospace castings
Key producersMagnesium Elektron (Luxfer MEL), Norsk Hydro, Dead Sea Magnesium
Zinc · Zamak 5
Zamak 5
Zamak 5 Zinc Alloy
Cu-bearing die-casting Zn alloy, stronger and harder than Zamak 3
Composition Zn 95.9% Al 4% Cu 0.5% Mg 0.03%
GB: ZZnAl4Cu1 ASTM: Zamak 5 JIS: ZDC1 EN: ZnAl4Cu1
ApplicationsAutomotive hardware, locks, sanitary ware, gears
Key producersEastern Alloys, Nyrstar, Grillo, Belmont Metals
Zinc · Zamak 7
Zamak 7
Zamak 7 Zinc Alloy
High-purity die-casting Zn alloy with the best surface finish
Composition Zn 96.4% Al 4% Mg 0.015%
GB: ZZnAl4 ASTM: Zamak 7 JIS: ZDC2 EN: ZnAl4
ApplicationsPrecision die castings, electronics housings, decorative parts
Key producersEastern Alloys, Nyrstar, Grillo, Belmont Metals
Zinc · ZA-8
ZA-8
ZA-8 Zinc-Aluminum Alloy
High-Al Zn alloy with strength above the Zamak series
Composition Zn 90.5% Al 8.4% Cu 1% Mg 0.02%
GB: ZZnAl8Cu1 ASTM: ZA-8 JIS: - EN: ZnAl8Cu1
ApplicationsBearings, tooling, architectural hardware
Key producersEastern Alloys, Nyrstar, Grillo, Belmont Metals
Zinc · ZA-12
ZA-12
ZA-12 Zinc-Aluminum Alloy
High-strength Zn-Al alloy with good wear resistance and castability
Composition Zn 87.5% Al 11% Cu 1.2% Mg 0.03%
GB: ZZnAl12Cu1 ASTM: ZA-12 JIS: - EN: ZnAl12Cu1
ApplicationsPump housings, valves, electrical components
Key producersEastern Alloys, Nyrstar, Grillo, Belmont Metals
Zinc · ZA-27
ZA-27
ZA-27 Zinc-Aluminum Alloy
Ultra-high-Al Zn alloy with strength approaching gray cast iron
Composition Zn 71.5% Al 27% Cu 2.2% Mg 0.015%
GB: ZZnAl27Cu2 ASTM: ZA-27 JIS: - EN: ZnAl27Cu2
ApplicationsHeavy-duty bearings, wear parts, structural components
Key producersEastern Alloys, Nyrstar, Grillo, Belmont Metals
Gold · 18K WG
18K WG
18K White Gold
18K white gold (Pd-based) with stable white color and high hardness
Composition Au 75% Pd 10% Cu 8% Zn 5% Ni 2%
GB: 18K white gold ASTM: - JIS: 18K WP EN: 18K WG
ApplicationsFine jewelry, diamond settings, watch cases
Key producersHeraeus, Metalor, Tanaka Kikinzoku, Umicore
Gold · 14K
14K
14K Gold Alloy
58.5% gold alloy with high strength and affordability
Composition Au 58.5% Cu 20% Ag 15% Zn 6.5%
GB: 14K ASTM: - JIS: 14K EN: 14K
ApplicationsWedding bands, chains, earrings (everyday jewelry)
Key producersHeraeus, Metalor, Tanaka Kikinzoku, Umicore
Silver · 925Ag
925Ag
925 Sterling Silver
92.5% Ag-Cu alloy, markedly stronger than fine silver
Composition Ag 92.5% Cu 7.5%
GB: S925 ASTM: S925 JIS: S925 EN: Sterling 925
ApplicationsSilverware, jewelry, trophies, musical-instrument reeds
Key producersHeraeus, Metalor, Tanaka Kikinzoku, Umicore
Platinum · Pt900
Pt900
Pt900 Platinum
90% platinum alloy with high hardness and wear resistance
Composition Pt 90% Cu 6% Pd 4%
GB: Pt900 ASTM: - JIS: Pt900 EN: Pt900
ApplicationsDiamond settings, fine jewelry, electrode contacts
Key producersHeraeus, Metalor, Tanaka Kikinzoku, Umicore
Zirconium · Zr-4
Zr-4
Zircaloy-4
Nuclear Zr-Sn alloy with low thermal-neutron absorption and high-temperature water corrosion resistance
Composition Zr 98.2% Sn 1.5% Fe 0.2% Cr 0.1%
GB: Zr-4 ASTM: R60804 JIS: - EN: Zr-4
ApplicationsPWR fuel cladding, grids, pressure tubes
Key producersATI (Wah Chang), Westinghouse, Framatome
Molybdenum · TZM
TZM
TZM Molybdenum Alloy
Mo-Ti-Zr-C alloy with high recrystallization temperature and hot strength
Composition Mo 99.2% Ti 0.5% Zr 0.08% C 0.02%
GB: TZM ASTM: TZM JIS: - EN: TZM
ApplicationsHot-forging dies, furnace heating elements, die-casting cores
Key producersPlansee, H.C. Starck, A.L.M.T. Corp, Kennametal
Tungsten · W-25Cu
W-25Cu
W-25Cu Tungsten-Copper
W-Cu composite combining high conductivity with arc-erosion resistance
Composition W 75% Cu 25%
GB: W75Cu ASTM: - JIS: - EN: W-Cu75/25
ApplicationsHV switch contacts, EDM electrodes, heat-sink substrates
Key producersPlansee, H.C. Starck, A.L.M.T. Corp, Kennametal
Cobalt · Stellite 6
Stellite 6
Stellite 6 Cobalt Alloy
Co-Cr-W alloy with high hot hardness and erosion resistance
Composition Co 63% Cr 28% W 4.5% C 1.2% Fe 3%
GB: CoCrW-2 approx. ASTM: R30006 JIS: - EN: Stellite 6
ApplicationsValve seats, turbine blades, pump-shaft sleeves, hardfacing wire
Key producersKennametal (Stellite), Deloro Stellite, Stryker (Howmedica)
Tin · SAC305
SAC305
SAC305 Lead-Free Solder
Lead-free near-eutectic solder (mp 217 °C) with good wetting and reliability
Composition Sn 96.5% Ag 3% Cu 0.5%
GB: SAC305 ASTM: J-STD-006 JIS: - EN: SAC305
ApplicationsReflow assembly, BGA, SMT soldering
Key producersIndium Corporation, AIM Solder, Alpha Assembly Solutions
Tin · Sn63/Pb37
Sn63/Pb37
Sn63-Pb37 Eutectic Solder
Eutectic Sn-Pb solder (mp 183 °C) with excellent wetting
Composition Sn 63% Pb 37%
GB: HLSn63PbA ASTM: J-STD-006 JIS: - EN: Sn63Pb37
ApplicationsElectronics assembly, hand soldering, repair (RoHS-restricted)
Key producersIndium Corporation, AIM Solder, Alpha Assembly Solutions
Iron · 409
409
AISI 409 Stainless Steel
Ferritic stainless, modest corrosion resistance but low cost and weldable
Composition Fe 87% Cr 11% Ti 0.5% Mn 0.5% C 0.03%
GB: 0Cr11Ti ASTM: 409 JIS: SUS409 EN: 1.4512
ApplicationsAuto exhaust systems, mufflers, catalytic-converter shells
Key producersAK Steel, Aperam, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · 444
444
AISI 444 Stainless Steel
Mo-bearing ferritic grade with pitting resistance above 304 and good SCC resistance
Composition Fe 81.5% Cr 18% Mo 2% Mn 0.5% C 0.02%
GB: 00Cr18Mo2 ASTM: 444 JIS: SUS444 EN: 1.4521
ApplicationsWater-heater tanks, heat exchangers, food equipment
Key producersAK Steel, Aperam, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · 431
431
AISI 431 Stainless Steel
Ni-bearing martensitic grade balancing strength and corrosion resistance
Composition Fe 83% Cr 16% Ni 2% Mn 0.7% C 0.15%
GB: 1Cr17Ni2 ASTM: 431 JIS: SUS431 EN: 1.4057
ApplicationsPump shafts, valve stems, fasteners, cutlery
Key producersAK Steel, Aperam, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · 420J2
420J2
AISI 420J2 Stainless Steel
High-carbon martensitic grade, hardenable and grindable
Composition Fe 84% Cr 13% C 0.3% Mn 0.8%
GB: 3Cr13 ASTM: 420 JIS: SUS420J2 EN: 1.4028
ApplicationsKnives, scissors, surgical instruments, bearings
Key producersAK Steel, Aperam, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · 2304
2304
2304 Duplex Stainless Steel
Lean-duplex grade with roughly twice the strength of 316 and good pitting resistance
Composition Fe 69% Cr 23% Ni 4.8% Mo 0.3% N 0.1%
GB: 00Cr23Ni4N ASTM: S32304 JIS: - EN: 1.4362
ApplicationsChemical tanks, seawater heat exchangers, pulp equipment
Key producersOutokumpu, Sandvik, ArcelorMittal
Iron · 2101
2101
2101 Lean Duplex Stainless Steel
Lean duplex with N strengthening, corrosion resistance above 304L
Composition Fe 70.5% Cr 21.5% Ni 1.5% Mn 5% Mo 0.3% N 0.22%
GB: - ASTM: S32101 JIS: - EN: 1.4162
ApplicationsBridges, tanks, seawater pumps, building structures
Key producersOutokumpu, Sandvik, ArcelorMittal
Iron · 253MA
253MA
253MA Heat-Resistant Stainless Steel
RE-strengthened austenitic heat-resistant grade oxidation-resistant to ~1150 °C
Composition Fe 65% Cr 21% Ni 11% Si 1.7% Ce 0.05% N 0.17%
GB: 0Cr21Ni11SiN ASTM: S30815 JIS: - EN: 1.4835
ApplicationsFurnace tubes, radiant tubes, heat-treatment fixtures
Key producersOutokumpu, Sandvik, Aperam
Iron · 630
630
17-4PH Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steel
PH martensitic grade with UTS above 1300 MPa
Composition Fe 74.5% Cr 16.5% Ni 4.5% Cu 3.3% Nb 0.3% C 0.04%
GB: 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb ASTM: 17-4PH JIS: SUS630 EN: 1.4542
ApplicationsAerospace parts, valves, pump shafts, tooling
Key producersCarpenter Technology, ATI, Sandvik, Allegheny Technologies
Iron · Q460
Q460
Q460 High-Strength Structural Steel
High-strength structural steel (yield 460 MPa), good weldability
Composition Fe 96.5% C 0.18% Mn 1.6% Si 0.5% Nb 0.05% V 0.05%
GB: Q460 ASTM: A572 Gr65 JIS: SM570 EN: S460N
ApplicationsBuilding steelwork, cranes, bridges
Key producersBaosteel, Ansteel, HBIS Group, CITIC Metal
Iron · 35CrMo
35CrMo
35CrMo Alloy Structural Steel
Cr-Mo Q&T steel with good strength, toughness and moderate hardenability
Composition Fe 97% C 0.35% Cr 1.0% Mo 0.22% Mn 0.6%
GB: 35CrMo ASTM: 4135 JIS: SCM435 EN: 34CrMo4
ApplicationsGears, crankshafts, connecting rods, HV-vessel bolts
Key producersBaosteel, Ansteel, HBIS Group, CITIC Metal
Iron · 38CrMoAl
38CrMoAl
38CrMoAl Nitriding Steel
Dedicated nitriding steel with case hardness up to HV1000
Composition Fe 96.8% C 0.38% Cr 1.5% Mo 0.2% Al 1.0% Mn 0.4%
GB: 38CrMoAl ASTM: AMS6470 approx. JIS: SACM645 EN: 1.8509
ApplicationsPrecision spindles, boring bars, gears, dies
Key producersBaosteel, Ansteel, HBIS Group, CITIC Metal
Iron · 50CrV4
50CrV4
50CrV4 Spring Steel
Cr-V spring steel with good hardenability and fatigue life
Composition Fe 96.3% C 0.5% Cr 1.0% V 0.15% Mn 0.9% Si 0.3%
GB: 50CrVA ASTM: 6150 JIS: SUP10 EN: 51CrV4
ApplicationsSuspension springs, valve springs, clutches
Key producersBaosteel, Ansteel, HBIS Group, CITIC Metal
Iron · Cr12Mo1V1
Cr12Mo1V1
Cr12Mo1V1 Cold-Work Die Steel
High-C high-Cr-Mo-V grade with better toughness than Cr12
Composition Fe 83.5% C 1.5% Cr 11.5% Mo 1.0% V 1.0% Mn 0.3%
GB: Cr12Mo1V1 ASTM: D2 JIS: SKD11 EN: 1.2379
ApplicationsHeavy blanking dies, cold-heading dies, thread-rolling dies
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · ASP23
ASP23
ASP 23 PM High-Speed Steel
PM high-speed steel with excellent toughness and wear resistance
Composition Fe 80.2% C 1.28% Cr 4.2% Mo 5.0% W 6.4% V 3.1% Co 5%
GB: - ASTM: - JIS: - EN: 1.3344
ApplicationsHobs, broaches, punches, cold-work dies
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · 60CrMnA
60CrMnA
60CrMnA Spring Steel
Cr-Mn spring steel with good hardenability and low decarburization sensitivity
Composition Fe 96.7% C 0.6% Cr 0.85% Mn 0.85% Si 0.25%
GB: 60CrMnA ASTM: 5160 JIS: SUP9 EN: 60CrMo37 approx.
ApplicationsHeavy-vehicle leaf springs, construction springs
Key producersBaosteel, Ansteel, HBIS Group, CITIC Metal
Iron · 20Cr
20Cr
20Cr Carburizing Steel
Cr carburizing steel with hard case and tough core
Composition Fe 98% C 0.2% Cr 0.85% Mn 0.7% Si 0.27%
GB: 20Cr ASTM: 5120 JIS: SCr420 EN: 20Cr4
ApplicationsSmall gears, piston pins, cams, bushings
Key producersBaosteel, Ansteel, HBIS Group, CITIC Metal
Aluminium · 2014
2014
AA 2014 Aluminum
High-strength Al-Cu alloy (duralumin type), age-hardenable
Composition Al 93.3% Cu 4.4% Si 0.8% Mn 0.8% Mg 0.5%
GB: 2A14 ASTM: 2014 JIS: A2014 EN: EN AW-2014
ApplicationsAircraft structures, crankshafts, truck frames
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 2618
2618
AA 2618 Aluminum
Heat-resistant wrought Al-Cu-Mg-Ni with good strength retention at 200 °C
Composition Al 93.5% Cu 2.3% Mg 1.6% Fe 1.1% Ni 1.0% Si 0.18%
GB: 2A70 ASTM: 2618 JIS: A2618 EN: EN AW-2618
ApplicationsAero-engine pistons, compressor impellers, tooling
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 5086
5086
AA 5086 Aluminum
Medium-high-strength Al-Mg with seawater resistance and weldability
Composition Al 95% Mg 4.0% Mn 0.45% Cr 0.15%
GB: 5A05 approx. ASTM: 5086 JIS: A5086 EN: EN AW-5086
ApplicationsHulls, pressure tanks, refrigerated truck bodies
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 5754
5754
AA 5754 Aluminum
Medium-strength Al-Mg with good formability and weldability
Composition Al 96.2% Mg 3.2% Mn 0.3% Cr 0.15%
GB: 5A03 approx. ASTM: 5754 JIS: A5754 EN: EN AW-5754
ApplicationsAuto body panels, food-processing equipment, bicycles
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 5454
5454
AA 5454 Aluminum
High-Mg grade more corrosion-resistant than 5083, stable at temperature
Composition Al 96.3% Mg 3.0% Mn 0.75% Cr 0.12%
GB: 5A05 approx. ASTM: 5454 JIS: A5454 EN: EN AW-5454
ApplicationsChemical tankers, storage tanks, heat exchangers
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 6060
6060
AA 6060 Aluminum
Lean extrusion alloy with excellent anodizing appearance
Composition Al 98.6% Mg 0.45% Si 0.4%
GB: 6060 ASTM: 6060 JIS: A6060 EN: EN AW-6060
ApplicationsArchitectural profiles, windows, light troughs, heat sinks
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 6005A
6005A
AA 6005A Aluminum
Medium-strength extrusion grade with good weldability
Composition Al 97.9% Mg 0.55% Si 0.75% Mn 0.3%
GB: 6005A ASTM: 6005A JIS: A6005C EN: EN AW-6005A
ApplicationsRail-vehicle bodies, scaffolding, bridge members
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 7005
7005
AA 7005 Aluminum
Weldable high-strength Al-Zn-Mg (Cu-free, good corrosion resistance)
Composition Al 93% Zn 4.5% Mg 1.4% Mn 0.45% Cr 0.13% Zr 0.14%
GB: 7A05 ASTM: 7005 JIS: A7005 EN: EN AW-7005
ApplicationsBicycle frames, sports gear, truck structures
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 8011
8011
AA 8011 Aluminum
Al-Fe-Si grade stronger than pure Al with good sealing behavior
Composition Al 98.5% Fe 0.8% Si 0.6%
GB: 8011 ASTM: 8011 JIS: A8011 EN: EN AW-8011
ApplicationsFood foil, bottle caps, collapsible tubes
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · A356
A356
A356 Casting Aluminum Alloy
Premium Al-Si-Mg casting alloy with good fluidity, heat-treatable
Composition Al 92.5% Si 7.0% Mg 0.35% Ti 0.15%
GB: ZL101A ASTM: A356 JIS: AC4CH EN: EN AC-42100
ApplicationsAuto wheels, engine blocks, aerospace castings
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · ADC12
ADC12
ADC12 Die-Casting Aluminum
JIS general die-casting grade with superb fluidity
Composition Al 84.5% Si 11% Cu 2.5% Fe 1.0% Mg 0.3%
GB: YL113 ASTM: A383 JIS: ADC12 EN: EN AC-46000
ApplicationsEngine blocks, transmission housings, 3C housings
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Copper · C11000
C11000
C11000 ETP Copper
Electrolytic tough-pitch copper, the conductivity reference material
Composition Cu 99.9% O 0.03%
GB: T2 ASTM: C11000 JIS: C1100 EN: Cu-ETP
ApplicationsWire, busbars, windings, hardware
Key producersAurubis, KME Group, Wieland Werke, Mitsubishi Materials
Copper · C10100
C10100
C10100 OFHC Copper
Oxygen-free high-conductivity copper without hydrogen embrittlement
Composition Cu 99.99% O 0.0005%
GB: TU0 ASTM: C10100 JIS: C1011 EN: Cu-OF
ApplicationsRF cables, magnet conductors, vacuum electronics
Key producersAurubis, KME Group, Wieland Werke, Mitsubishi Materials
Copper · C36000
C36000
C36000 Free-Cutting Brass
Pb-bearing free-cutting brass (100% machinability index)
Composition Cu 61.5% Zn 35.5% Pb 3%
GB: HPb59-1 ASTM: C36000 JIS: C3604 EN: CuZn39Pb3
ApplicationsPrecision turned parts, valves, fittings, watch parts
Key producersAurubis, KME Group, Wieland Werke, Mitsubishi Materials
Copper · C52100
C52100
C52100 Phosphor Bronze
High-strength phosphor bronze with elasticity, wear and fatigue resistance
Composition Cu 92% Sn 8% P 0.2%
GB: QSn8-0.3 ASTM: C52100 JIS: C5210 EN: CuSn8
ApplicationsSprings, diaphragms, connectors, bearing liners
Key producersAurubis, KME Group, Wieland Werke, Mitsubishi Materials
Aluminium · C95400
C95400
C95400 Aluminum Bronze
High-strength aluminum bronze for wear and seawater service
Composition Cu 85% Al 11% Fe 4%
GB: QAl10-4-4 approx. ASTM: C95400 JIS: C9541 EN: CuAl10Fe3
ApplicationsMarine propellers, pump valves, gears, tooling
Key producersAMPCO Metal, Materion, National Bronze & Metals
Copper · C17500
C17500
C17500 Beryllium Copper (low-Be)
Low-Be high-conductivity Be-Cu (~60% IACS) with high strength
Composition Cu 97.6% Be 0.6% Co 2.5%
GB: QBe0.6-2.5 ASTM: C17500 JIS: C1751 EN: CuCo1Be
ApplicationsWelding electrodes, springs, conductive contacts
Key producersAurubis, KME Group, Wieland Werke, Mitsubishi Materials
Copper · C65500
C65500
C65500 Silicon Bronze
Silicon bronze with high strength, corrosion resistance and forgeability
Composition Cu 96.5% Si 3% Mn 0.5%
GB: QSi3-1 ASTM: C65500 JIS: C6550 EN: CuSi3Mn
ApplicationsMarine fasteners, chemical valve stems, sculpture
Key producersAurubis, KME Group, Wieland Werke, Mitsubishi Materials
Copper · CuNi44
CuNi44
Constantan (CuNi44)
Cu-Ni resistance alloy with near-zero temperature coefficient
Composition Cu 55% Ni 44% Mn 1%
GB: 6J40 ASTM: - JIS: CN44 EN: CuNi44
ApplicationsPrecision resistors, thermocouples, strain gauges
Key producersAurubis, KME Group, Wieland Werke
Copper · BFe30
BFe30
BFe30-1-1 Cupronickel
Fe-Mn cupronickel resisting seawater erosion-corrosion
Composition Cu 68% Ni 30% Mn 1% Fe 1%
GB: BFe30-1-1 ASTM: C71500 JIS: C7150 EN: CuNi30Mn1Fe
ApplicationsShip condenser tubes, desalination, heat exchangers
Key producersJiangxi Copper, Tongling Nonferrous, Yunnan Copper, Zhongtian Copper
Nickel · Inconel 601
Inconel 601
Inconel 601
High-Cr Ni alloy oxidation-resistant to ~1350 °C and carburization-resistant
Composition Ni 60.5% Cr 23% Fe 14% Al 1.4% C 0.05%
GB: NS313 ASTM: N06601 JIS: NCF601 EN: 2.4851
ApplicationsIndustrial furnace parts, thermocouple sheaths, incinerators
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI Specialty Materials, Carpenter Technology, VDM Metals
Nickel · Inconel 617
Inconel 617
Inconel 617
Solid-solution Ni-Cr-Co-Mo with high creep strength at ~1100 °C
Composition Ni 52% Cr 22% Co 12.5% Mo 9% Al 1.2% Fe 1.5%
GB: GH3536 approx. ASTM: N06617 JIS: NCF617 EN: 2.4663
ApplicationsGT combustors, chemical furnace tubes, aerospace
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI Specialty Materials, Carpenter Technology, VDM Metals
Nickel · Inconel 706
Inconel 706
Inconel 706
Nb-Ti strengthened Ni-Fe alloy, lower cost than 718
Composition Ni 41.5% Cr 16% Fe 37% Nb 2.9% Ti 1.8% Al 0.2%
GB: GH2706 approx. ASTM: N09706 JIS: - EN: 2.4685
ApplicationsGT discs, aero-engine forgings
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI Specialty Materials, Carpenter Technology, VDM Metals
Nickel · Hastelloy C-22
Hastelloy C-22
Hastelloy C-22
Ni alloy for wet chlorine and mixed oxidizing acids
Composition Ni 56% Cr 22% Mo 13% W 3% Fe 3% Co 2.5%
GB: NS338 approx. ASTM: N06022 JIS: NW6022 EN: 2.4602
ApplicationsChemical reactors, FGD, waste treatment
Key producersHaynes International
Nickel · Hastelloy G-30
Hastelloy G-30
Hastelloy G-30
High-Cr Ni alloy for phosphoric/sulfuric mixed acids
Composition Ni 43.5% Cr 29% Fe 15% Mo 5.5% W 2.5% Co 2%
GB: - ASTM: N06030 JIS: - EN: 2.4603
ApplicationsPhosphoric-acid plants, sulfuric service, heat exchangers
Key producersHaynes International
Nickel · Monel K-500
Monel K-500
Monel K-500
Precipitation-hardened Ni-Cu with twice the strength of Monel 400
Composition Ni 66.5% Cu 29% Al 2.7% Ti 0.6% Fe 1%
GB: NCu30-2.5-1.5 ASTM: N05500 JIS: NCuK500 EN: 2.4375
ApplicationsPump shafts, fasteners, marine instruments, tools
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI Specialty Materials, Carpenter Technology, VDM Metals
Nickel · Nimonic 263
Nimonic 263
Nimonic 263
Ni-Co-Cr alloy with creep strength and ductility to ~800 °C
Composition Ni 51% Co 20% Cr 20% Mo 6% Ti 2.1% Al 0.45% Fe 0.7%
GB: GH4263 approx. ASTM: N07263 JIS: - EN: 2.4650
ApplicationsTurbine blades, nozzles, chemical furnace tubes
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI Specialty Materials, Carpenter Technology, VDM Metals
Nickel · Incoloy 901
Incoloy 901
Incoloy 901
PH Ni-Fe alloy for turbine discs at 650–700 °C
Composition Ni 43% Fe 34% Cr 13% Mo 6% Ti 2.7% Al 0.2%
GB: GH2901 ASTM: N09901 JIS: - EN: 2.4662
ApplicationsJet-engine turbine discs, shafts, fasteners
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI Specialty Materials, Carpenter Technology, VDM Metals
Titanium · TC21
TC21
TC21 Titanium Alloy
Damage-tolerant Ti alloy with high fracture toughness
Composition Ti 88% Al 6.5% Mo 2.5% Nb 2% Zr 2% Sn 1.5% Cr 0.5%
GB: TC21 ASTM: - JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsWing fittings, landing gear, fuselage frames
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Titanium · TA7
TA7
TA7 Titanium Alloy
Near-α Ti alloy with good low-temperature toughness and weldability
Composition Ti 93% Al 5% Sn 2.5%
GB: TA7 ASTM: - JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsCryogenic vessels, casings, honeycomb structures
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Titanium · Ti-6Al-4V ELI
Ti-6Al-4V ELI
Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium
Extra-low-interstitial TC4 with better cryogenic toughness and biocompatibility
Composition Ti 90% Al 6% V 4%
GB: TC4ELI ASTM: Gr23 JIS: - EN: 3.7165
ApplicationsOrthopedic implants, cryogenic structures, deep-sea hardware
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Titanium · Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo
Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo
Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo Titanium
Near-α high-temperature Ti alloy with high creep strength at ~540 °C
Composition Ti 86% Al 6% Sn 2% Zr 4% Mo 2%
GB: TA12 approx. ASTM: Ti-6242 JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsCompressor discs, blades, casings
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Titanium · Ti-15-3
Ti-15-3
Ti-15-3 Titanium
β titanium with excellent cold formability and high aged strength
Composition Ti 76% V 15% Cr 3% Al 3% Sn 3%
GB: TB5 approx. ASTM: - JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsAircraft fasteners, springs, honeycomb cores
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Magnesium · AZ61
AZ61
AZ61 Magnesium Alloy
Wrought Mg alloy stronger than AZ31
Composition Mg 93.4% Al 6% Zn 0.7% Mn 0.25%
GB: AZ61 ASTM: AZ61A JIS: AZ61 EN: EN-MW60610
ApplicationsForged auto parts, bicycle frames, electronics housings
Key producersMagnesium Elektron (Luxfer MEL), Norsk Hydro, Dead Sea Magnesium
Magnesium · AZ80
AZ80
AZ80 Magnesium Alloy
High-strength wrought Mg (age-hardenable T5/T6)
Composition Mg 91.2% Al 8% Zn 0.6% Mn 0.25%
GB: AZ80 ASTM: AZ80A JIS: AZ80 EN: EN-MW70800
ApplicationsWheels, missile casings, aerospace parts
Key producersMagnesium Elektron (Luxfer MEL), Norsk Hydro, Dead Sea Magnesium
Magnesium · WE54
WE54
WE54 Magnesium Alloy
RE-Mg alloy for 250 °C long-term service with good corrosion resistance
Composition Mg 93.4% Y 5% Nd 2% Zr 0.6% RE 0.5%
GB: - ASTM: WE54A JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsAero-engine casings, racing components
Key producersMagnesium Elektron (Luxfer MEL), Norsk Hydro, Dead Sea Magnesium
Magnesium · ZK61
ZK61
ZK61 Magnesium Alloy
High-strength wrought Mg approaching Al-alloy strength
Composition Mg 94.4% Zn 5% Zr 0.6%
GB: ZK61 ASTM: ZK61A JIS: - EN: EN-MW60080 approx.
ApplicationsMissile fins, helicopter parts, sports equipment
Key producersMagnesium Elektron (Luxfer MEL), Norsk Hydro, Dead Sea Magnesium
Zinc · Zamak 2
Zamak 2
Zamak 2 Zinc Alloy
Cu-bearing die-casting Zn, the strongest of the Zamak series
Composition Zn 94.9% Al 4% Cu 1% Mg 0.03%
GB: ZZnAl4Cu3 ASTM: Zamak 2 JIS: ZDC1 approx. EN: ZnAl4Cu3
ApplicationsPrecision gears, locks, automotive parts
Key producersEastern Alloys, Nyrstar, Grillo, Belmont Metals
Lead · Pb-Sb
Pb-Sb
Lead-Antimony Alloy
Pb-Sb alloy stronger and harder than pure lead
Composition Pb 94% Sb 6%
GB: PbSb6 ASTM: - JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsBattery grids, chemical linings, type metal
Key producersNyrstar, Umicore, Belmont Metals
Tin · SnSb11Cu6
SnSb11Cu6
Babbitt (SnSb11Cu6)
Classic tin-based bearing alloy with good embeddability and anti-seizure
Composition Sn 83% Sb 11% Cu 6%
GB: ZSnSb11Cu6 ASTM: - JIS: WJ2 EN: -
ApplicationsPlain bearings, bearing shells, thrust pads
Key producersBelmont Metals, Rotometals
Lead · SAC405
SAC405
Sn-4Ag-0.5Cu Lead-Free Solder
High-Ag lead-free solder with better fatigue life than SAC305
Composition Sn 95.5% Ag 4% Cu 0.5%
GB: SAC405 ASTM: J-STD-006 JIS: - EN: SAC405
ApplicationsHigh-reliability assembly, automotive electronics, BGA
Key producersNyrstar, Umicore, Belmont Metals
Tungsten · WL10
WL10
W-La (WL10) Tungsten
La-doped tungsten with low work function and sag resistance
Composition W 98.8% La 1.2%
GB: WL10 ASTM: - JIS: - EN: WL10
ApplicationsElectrodes, TIG welding needles, discharge lamps
Key producersPlansee, H.C. Starck, A.L.M.T. Corp, Kennametal
Molybdenum · MoLa
MoLa
Mo-La (ML) Molybdenum
La-doped Mo with high recrystallization temperature and creep resistance
Composition Mo 99.5% La 0.5%
GB: MLa ASTM: - JIS: - EN: ML
ApplicationsFurnace elements, vacuum-furnace parts, filament cores
Key producersPlansee, H.C. Starck, Kennametal
Tantalum · Ta-10W
Ta-10W
Ta-10W Tantalum-Tungsten
Ta-W alloy stronger than pure Ta, resistant to hot strong acids
Composition Ta 90% W 10%
GB: TaW10 ASTM: R05255 JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsAero nozzles, chemical heat exchangers, high-temperature structures
Key producersH.C. Starck, Global Advanced Metals, Cabot
Niobium · Nb-1Zr
Nb-1Zr
Nb-1Zr Niobium-Zirconium
Nb-Zr alloy with good hot strength and low neutron absorption
Composition Nb 99% Zr 1%
GB: NbZr1 ASTM: R04251 JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsNuclear cladding, high-temperature structures, superconductor substrates
Key producersH.C. Starck, ATI (Wah Chang), Global Advanced Metals
Cobalt · Stellite 21
Stellite 21
Stellite 21 Cobalt Alloy
Cast Co-Cr-Mo with good impact and corrosion resistance
Composition Co 62.5% Cr 27% Mo 5.5% Ni 2.5% C 0.25% Fe 1%
GB: - ASTM: R30021 JIS: - EN: Stellite 21
ApplicationsJoint prostheses, valve seats, hot-work dies
Key producersKennametal (Stellite), Deloro Stellite, Stryker (Howmedica)
Cobalt · Haynes 25
Haynes 25
Haynes 25 (L-605)
Solid-solution Co alloy oxidation-resistant to ~980 °C
Composition Co 51% Cr 20% W 15% Ni 10% Fe 3% C 0.1%
GB: GH605 ASTM: R30605 JIS: - EN: 2.4964
ApplicationsGT combustors, engine ducting, furnace fixtures
Key producersHaynes International
Gold · PtIr10
PtIr10
PtIr10 Platinum-Iridium
Pt-Ir alloy with high hardness, corrosion resistance and stable contacts
Composition Pt 90% Ir 10%
GB: PtIr10 ASTM: - JIS: PtIr10 EN: PtIr10
ApplicationsPacemaker electrodes, electrical contacts, standard weights
Key producersHeraeus, Metalor, Tanaka Kikinzoku, Umicore
Gold · AuCu
AuCu
Au-Cu Rose Gold Alloy
18K rose gold with pink color and high strength
Composition Au 75% Cu 25%
GB: 18K rose gold ASTM: - JIS: 18K RG EN: 18K RG
ApplicationsWedding rings, jewelry, watch cases
Key producersHeraeus, Metalor, Tanaka Kikinzoku, Umicore
Silver · BAg-35
BAg-35
BAg-35 Silver Brazing Alloy
Cd-bearing silver braze (607–702 °C) with excellent flow
Composition Ag 35% Cu 26% Zn 21% Cd 18%
GB: BAg35CuZnCd ASTM: BAg-3 JIS: - EN: BAg-35
ApplicationsCu/steel/stainless brazing, refrigeration lines
Key producersHeraeus, Metalor, Tanaka Kikinzoku, Umicore
Iron · 316Ti
316Ti
316Ti Stainless Steel
Ti-stabilized austenitic stainless with good intergranular corrosion resistance and creep strength
Composition Fe 66.8% Cr 17% Ni 12% Mo 2.5% Ti 0.5% Mn 1.5% C 0.04%
GB: S31668 ASTM: 316Ti/S31635 JIS: SUS316Ti EN: 1.4571
ApplicationsBoiler tubes, heat exchangers, aero exhaust parts
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · 317L
317L
317L Stainless Steel
Low-C high-Mo austenitic grade outperforming 316L in chloride acids
Composition Fe 65% Cr 19% Ni 13% Mo 3.5% Mn 1.5% C 0.03%
GB: S31703 ASTM: 317L JIS: SUS317L EN: 1.4438
ApplicationsPulp bleaching, chemical tanks, FGD systems
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · 15-5PH
15-5PH
15-5PH Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel
Martensitic PH stainless with better transverse toughness than 17-4PH
Composition Fe 74.5% Cr 15% Ni 4.5% Cu 3.3% Nb 0.3% Mn 0.7% C 0.04%
GB: S15500 ASTM: S15500 JIS: SUS630 approx. EN: 1.4545
ApplicationsAircraft structures, shafts, pumps, tooling
Key producersCarpenter Technology, ATI, Sandvik, Allegheny Technologies
Iron · 17-7PH
17-7PH
17-7PH Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel
Semi-austenitic PH stainless with high strength after aging
Composition Fe 73.5% Cr 17% Ni 7% Al 1.2% Mn 0.6% C 0.07%
GB: S51770 ASTM: 631 JIS: SUS631 EN: 1.4568
ApplicationsSprings, diaphragms, aero honeycomb structures
Key producersCarpenter Technology, ATI, Sandvik, Allegheny Technologies
Iron · 254SMO
254SMO
254SMO Super-Austenitic Stainless Steel
6-Mo super-austenitic with pitting resistance approaching Ni alloys in seawater
Composition Fe 54.5% Cr 20% Ni 18% Mo 6% Cu 0.8% N 0.2% Mn 1.5% C 0.02%
GB: S31254 ASTM: S31254 JIS: SUS312L approx. EN: 1.4547
ApplicationsDesalination, pulp bleaching, offshore platforms
Key producersOutokumpu, Aperam
Iron · S32760
S32760
S32760 Super-Duplex Stainless Steel
W-Cu super-duplex with PREN > 40, resisting pitting and SCC
Composition Fe 60.5% Cr 25% Ni 7% Mo 3.5% W 0.7% Cu 0.6% N 0.25% Mn 0.8% C 0.03%
GB: S32760 ASTM: S32760 JIS: - EN: 1.4501
ApplicationsSeawater pumps, subsea lines, chemical exchangers
Key producersSandvik, Outokumpu, Aperam
Iron · 1215
1215
1215 Free-Machining Steel
High-S free-machining steel with excellent machinability
Composition Fe 98.4% C 0.09% Mn 1.1% P 0.05% S 0.33% Pb 0.03%
GB: Y15 approx. ASTM: 1215 JIS: SUM23 EN: 11SMn30 approx.
ApplicationsAuto-lathe fasteners, bushings, gear blanks
Key producersBaosteel, Ansteel, HBIS Group, CITIC Metal
Iron · A2
A2
A2 Cold-Work Tool Steel
Air-hardening tool steel with minimal distortion and good toughness
Composition Fe 91.5% Cr 5% Mo 1% V 0.3% C 1.0% Mn 0.7%
GB: Cr5Mo1V ASTM: A2 JIS: SKD12 EN: 1.2363
ApplicationsBlank dies, cold-heading dies, gauges
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · D3
D3
D3 Cold-Work Tool Steel
High-C high-Cr die steel with excellent wear resistance
Composition Fe 87.5% Cr 12% C 2.1% Mn 0.35% Si 0.3%
GB: Cr12 ASTM: D3 JIS: SKD1 EN: 1.2080
ApplicationsCold stamping dies, wire-drawing dies, gauges
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · M35
M35
M35 Cobalt HSS
Co-bearing HSS with better red hardness than M2
Composition Fe 78.3% W 6% Mo 5% Cr 4% V 2% Co 5% C 1.1%
GB: W6Mo5Cr4V2Co5 ASTM: M35 JIS: SKH55 EN: 1.3243
ApplicationsDrills, end mills, hobs, taps
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · M42
M42
M42 Cobalt HSS
Mo-based Co HSS reaching ~70 HRC for difficult-to-cut materials
Composition Fe 76.9% Mo 9.5% W 1.6% Cr 4% V 1.2% Co 8% C 1.1%
GB: W2Mo9Cr4VCo8 ASTM: M42 JIS: SKH59 EN: 1.3247
ApplicationsHard-material tools, gear cutters, broaches
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · DC53
DC53
DC53 Cold-Work Tool Steel
Daido tool steel, D2 variant with wear resistance plus high toughness
Composition Fe 87.7% Cr 8% Mo 2% V 0.35% Si 1.0% C 1.0%
GB: Cr8Mo2SiV approx. ASTM: - JIS: DC53 EN: -
ApplicationsPrecision stamping dies, deep-draw dies, cutting tools
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · NAK80
NAK80
NAK80 Prehardened Mold Steel
Mirror-finish plastic mold steel, prehardened ~40 HRC
Composition Fe 88.6% Ni 3% Al 1% Cu 1% Mn 0.6% C 0.15%
GB: 10Ni3MnCuAl approx. ASTM: - JIS: NAK80 EN: -
ApplicationsMirror molds, lens molds, appliance shells
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · 718H
718H
718H Prehardened Mold Steel
P20-improved prehardened grade with uniform hardness in heavy sections
Composition Fe 93.6% Cr 1.9% Ni 1.1% Mo 0.35% Mn 1.2% Si 0.5% C 0.36%
GB: 3Cr2NiMo approx. ASTM: P20 modified JIS: 718H EN: 1.2738 approx.
ApplicationsLarge injection molds, bumper molds, die frames
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · SKD11
SKD11
SKD11 Cold-Work Tool Steel
JIS cold-work die steel balancing wear resistance and hardenability
Composition Fe 87.7% Cr 12% Mo 0.9% V 0.4% Si 0.4% C 1.5%
GB: Cr12MoV ASTM: D2 approx. JIS: SKD11 EN: 1.2379
ApplicationsStamping dies, shear blades, cold-extrusion dies
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · SKH51
SKH51
SKH51 High-Speed Steel
General-purpose W-Mo HSS with balanced red hardness and toughness
Composition Fe 81.3% W 6.4% Mo 5% Cr 4% V 1.9% C 0.85%
GB: W6Mo5Cr4V2 ASTM: M2 approx. JIS: SKH51 EN: 1.3343
ApplicationsTwist drills, mills, taps, gear tools
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · HT200
HT200
HT200 Gray Cast Iron
General gray iron with good damping and machinability
Composition Fe 94.5% C 3.2% Si 1.8% Mn 0.8%
GB: HT200 ASTM: Class 30 approx. JIS: FC200 EN: EN-GJL-200
ApplicationsMachine beds, housings, pulleys
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · HT250
HT250
HT250 Gray Cast Iron
Higher-strength gray iron for wear and pressure service
Composition Fe 94.2% C 3.1% Si 1.7% Mn 1.0%
GB: HT250 ASTM: Class 35 approx. JIS: FC250 EN: EN-GJL-250
ApplicationsCylinder blocks, heads, gearboxes
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · QT400-18
QT400-18
QT400-18 Ductile Iron
Ferritic ductile iron with high elongation and good low-temperature toughness
Composition Fe 93.3% C 3.6% Si 2.5% Mn 0.3% Mg 0.04%
GB: QT400-18 ASTM: 60-40-18 JIS: FCD400 EN: EN-GJS-400-18
ApplicationsValves, pipe fittings, farm machinery, chassis parts
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · QT500-7
QT500-7
QT500-7 Ductile Iron
Ferritic-pearlitic ductile iron balancing strength and elongation
Composition Fe 93.2% C 3.7% Si 2.4% Mn 0.4% Mg 0.04%
GB: QT500-7 ASTM: 80-55-06 approx. JIS: FCD500 EN: EN-GJS-500-7
ApplicationsCrankshafts, camshafts, transmission parts
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · QT700-2
QT700-2
QT700-2 Ductile Iron
Pearlitic ductile iron with high strength and wear resistance
Composition Fe 93.3% C 3.8% Si 2.2% Mn 0.5% Mg 0.04%
GB: QT700-2 ASTM: 100-70-03 JIS: FCD700 EN: EN-GJS-700-2
ApplicationsGears, diesel crankshafts, heavy frames
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · RUT400
RUT400
RUT400 Compacted Graphite Iron
CGI bridging gray and ductile iron in strength and conductivity
Composition Fe 93.4% C 3.6% Si 2.4% Mn 0.4%
GB: RuT400 ASTM: Grade 400 approx. JIS: FCV400 EN: EN-GJV-400
ApplicationsDiesel blocks/heads, brake discs, exhaust manifolds
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Aluminium · 1050
1050
AA 1050 Aluminum
Commercially pure Al with excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance
Composition Al 99.5%
GB: 1050 ASTM: 1050 JIS: A1050 EN: EN AW-1050A
ApplicationsCapacitor foil, busbars, heat sinks, trim
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 3004
3004
AA 3004 Aluminum
Al-Mn-Mg grade stronger than 3003
Composition Al 97.9% Mn 1.2% Mg 1.0%
GB: 3004 ASTM: 3004 JIS: A3004 EN: EN AW-3004
ApplicationsBeverage can bodies, roofing, tool boxes
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 5A02
5A02
5A02 Aluminum Alloy
Low-Mg anti-rust grade with good corrosion resistance and weldability
Composition Al 96.3% Mg 3.5% Mn 0.4% Si 0.3%
GB: 5A02 ASTM: 5052 approx. JIS: A5052 approx. EN: EN AW-5052 approx.
ApplicationsFuel tanks, tubing, welded vessels
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 5A06
5A06
5A06 Aluminum Alloy
High-Mg anti-rust grade with high strength and seawater resistance
Composition Al 93.1% Mg 6.3% Mn 0.6% Si 0.3%
GB: 5A06 ASTM: - JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsHulls, welded structures, vessels
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · ZL102
ZL102
ZL102 Casting Aluminum
Al-Si eutectic casting grade with superb fluidity and pressure tightness
Composition Al 87% Si 12% Fe 0.5% Mn 0.35%
GB: ZL102 ASTM: A413 approx. JIS: AC3A EN: EN AC-44200
ApplicationsInstrument housings, pump bodies, thin-wall castings
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · ZL104
ZL104
ZL104 Casting Aluminum
Al-Si-Mg casting grade, heat-treatable and pressure-tight
Composition Al 89.5% Si 9% Mg 0.5% Mn 0.35%
GB: ZL104 ASTM: A360 approx. JIS: AC4A EN: EN AC-43200
ApplicationsEngine blocks, heads, turbo housings
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · ZL205A
ZL205A
ZL205A Casting Aluminum
High-strength cast Al-Cu reaching ~500 MPa UTS
Composition Al 94.3% Cu 5% Mn 0.4% Ti 0.2% Zr 0.1% Cd 0.05%
GB: ZL205A ASTM: - JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsAero load-bearing castings, missile sections, pump housings
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Copper · C51000
C51000
C51000 Phosphor Bronze
Low-Sn phosphor bronze balancing springiness and conductivity
Composition Cu 94.8% Sn 5% P 0.2%
GB: QSn5-0.2 approx. ASTM: C51000 JIS: C5101 EN: CuSn5
ApplicationsConductive springs, relays, diaphragms
Key producersAurubis, KME Group, Wieland Werke, Mitsubishi Materials
Copper · C44300
C44300
C44300 Admiralty Brass
As-Sn admiralty brass resisting seawater dezincification
Composition Cu 71% Zn 28% Sn 1% As 0.06%
GB: HSn70-1 ASTM: C44300 JIS: C4430 EN: CuZn28Sn1
ApplicationsCondenser tubes, heat-exchanger tubes, marine piping
Key producersAurubis, KME Group, Wieland Werke, Mitsubishi Materials
Copper · C46400
C46400
C46400 Naval Brass
Tin brass with high strength and seawater resistance
Composition Cu 60% Zn 39.2% Sn 0.8%
GB: HSn62-1 ASTM: C46400 JIS: C4622 approx. EN: CuZn39Sn1
ApplicationsMarine fasteners, shafts, bushings
Key producersAurubis, KME Group, Wieland Werke, Mitsubishi Materials
Copper · C68700
C68700
C68700 Aluminum Brass
As-bearing aluminum brass outperforming admiralty in seawater
Composition Cu 77% Zn 21% Al 2%
GB: HAl77-2 ASTM: C68700 JIS: C6870 EN: CuZn21Al2
ApplicationsPower-plant condenser tubes, seawater coolers
Key producersAurubis, KME Group, Wieland Werke, Mitsubishi Materials
Copper · BZn15-20
BZn15-20
BZn15-20 Nickel Silver
Nickel silver with silvery color, corrosion resistance and machinability
Composition Cu 64% Zn 20% Ni 16%
GB: BZn15-20 ASTM: C77000 approx. JIS: C7701 EN: CuNi18Zn20
ApplicationsPrecision instruments, eyeglass frames, coin blanks, springs
Key producersJiangxi Copper, Tongling Nonferrous, Yunnan Copper, Zhongtian Copper
Nickel · Inconel 725
Inconel 725
Inconel 725
PH Ni alloy with twice the strength of C-276 while retaining corrosion resistance
Composition Ni 58.5% Cr 21% Fe 8.5% Mo 8% Nb 3.4% Ti 1.3%
GB: - ASTM: N07725 JIS: - EN: 2.4647
ApplicationsOffshore completion tools, pump shafts, fasteners
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI Specialty Materials, Carpenter Technology, VDM Metals
Nickel · Hastelloy B-3
Hastelloy B-3
Hastelloy B-3
Improved Ni-Mo resisting all HCl concentrations with good thermal stability
Composition Ni 65% Mo 28.5% Fe 1.5% Cr 1.5%
GB: NS3203 approx. ASTM: N10675 JIS: - EN: 2.4600
ApplicationsHCl evaporators, acetic-acid plant, alkylation units
Key producersHaynes International
Nickel · Hastelloy C-4
Hastelloy C-4
Hastelloy C-4
Low-C low-Si C-type alloy remaining intergranular-corrosion resistant when sensitized
Composition Ni 66% Cr 16% Mo 15.5% Fe 3% Ti 0.7%
GB: NS334 approx. ASTM: N06455 JIS: NW6455 EN: 2.4610
ApplicationsChemical reactors, exchangers, hot chloride media
Key producersHaynes International
Nickel · Nimonic 105
Nimonic 105
Nimonic 105
High-Al Ni-Co alloy with high creep strength at ~950 °C
Composition Ni 53% Co 20% Cr 15% Mo 5% Al 4.7% Ti 1.2%
GB: GH4105 approx. ASTM: N07055 JIS: - EN: 2.4634
ApplicationsGT blades, fasteners, high-temperature springs
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI Specialty Materials, Carpenter Technology, VDM Metals
Nickel · Incoloy 925
Incoloy 925
Incoloy 925
PH Ni-Fe alloy resisting H2S stress corrosion
Composition Ni 42% Fe 31% Cr 21% Mo 3% Ti 2.1% Cu 1.8%
GB: - ASTM: N09925 JIS: - EN: 2.4858
ApplicationsOil/gas well tubing, downhole tools, pump shafts
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI Specialty Materials, Carpenter Technology, VDM Metals
Nickel · Haynes 214
Haynes 214
Haynes 214
Al-strengthened Ni alloy with outstanding oxidation resistance to ~1200 °C
Composition Ni 75% Cr 16% Al 4.5% Fe 3% Y 0.01%
GB: - ASTM: N07214 JIS: - EN: 2.4646
ApplicationsFurnace elements, fixtures, GT hot-section parts
Key producersHaynes International
Nickel · Udimet 720
Udimet 720
Udimet 720 Superalloy
High-Ti Ni alloy for turbine discs at 650–700 °C
Composition Ni 57% Co 15% Cr 16% Mo 3% W 1.3% Al 2.5% Ti 5%
GB: - ASTM: N07720 approx. JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsTurbine discs, compressor discs, blades
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI Specialty Materials, Carpenter Technology, VDM Metals
Nickel · GH4169
GH4169
GH4169 Superalloy
Domestic counterpart of Inconel 718, strong and tough below 650 °C
Composition Ni 52% Fe 18.5% Cr 19% Nb 5.3% Mo 3% Ti 0.9% Al 0.5%
GB: GH4169 ASTM: N07718 JIS: - EN: 2.4668
ApplicationsAero-engine discs, fasteners, reactor components
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI, VDM Metals, Carpenter Technology
Titanium · TA3
TA3
TA3 Commercially Pure Ti
Grade-3 CP Ti stronger than TA2 with similar corrosion resistance
Composition Ti 99.2%
GB: TA3 ASTM: Gr3 JIS: Class 3 EN: 3.7055
ApplicationsChemical vessels, exchangers, electrodes
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Titanium · TA10
TA10
TA10 Corrosion-Resistant Ti
Ti-Ni-Mo grade with crevice-corrosion resistance far better than CP Ti
Composition Ti 98.5% Ni 0.8% Mo 0.3%
GB: TA10 ASTM: Gr12 JIS: - EN: 3.7105
ApplicationsHeat exchangers, seawater piping, chemical plant
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Titanium · TC1
TC1
TC1 Titanium Alloy
Low-Al-Mn Ti with good plasticity and weldability
Composition Ti 95.8% Al 2% Mn 1.5%
GB: TC1 ASTM: - JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsAircraft skins, structures, pressure vessels
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Titanium · TC3
TC3
TC3 Titanium Alloy
α+β Ti with strength comparable to TC4
Composition Ti 90.7% Al 5% V 4%
GB: TC3 ASTM: Ti-6Al-4V approx. JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsAircraft structures, engine casings
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Titanium · TC17
TC17
TC17 Titanium Alloy
High-β α+β Ti with deep hardenability and high fracture toughness
Composition Ti 82% Al 5% Sn 2% Zr 2% Mo 4% Cr 4%
GB: TC17 ASTM: - JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsLarge forgings, fan discs, compressor wheels
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Titanium · TC18
TC18
TC18 Titanium Alloy
High-strength near-β Ti with UTS ≥ 1100 MPa
Composition Ti 83% Al 5% Mo 5% V 5% Cr 1% Fe 1%
GB: TC18 ASTM: - JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsLanding gear, load-bearing fittings, beams
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Titanium · Ti-5553
Ti-5553
Ti-5553 Titanium
Near-β Ti with high strength and deep hardenability at lower cost than Ti-1023
Composition Ti 82% Al 5% Mo 5% V 5% Cr 3%
GB: - ASTM: - JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsLanding gear, airframe fittings, fasteners
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Magnesium · AM50A
AM50A
AM50A Magnesium Alloy
Al-Mn die-cast Mg with better ductility than AZ series
Composition Mg 94.6% Al 5% Mn 0.3%
GB: AM50A ASTM: AM50A JIS: MDC5 approx. EN: EN-MC21510
ApplicationsInstrument-panel beams, seat frames, e-mobility housings
Key producersMagnesium Elektron (Luxfer MEL), Norsk Hydro, Dead Sea Magnesium
Magnesium · LA141
LA141
LA141 Magnesium-Lithium
Ultra-light Mg-Li alloy at ~1.35 g/cm³
Composition Mg 84.5% Li 14% Al 1.5%
GB: - ASTM: LA141A JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsAerospace lightweight parts, electronics housings
Key producersMagnesium Elektron (Luxfer MEL), Norsk Hydro, Dead Sea Magnesium
Magnesium · EZ33
EZ33
EZ33 Magnesium Alloy
RE-bearing Mg with creep resistance at 250 °C and good castability
Composition Mg 93.7% Zn 2.5% RE 3.2% Zr 0.6%
GB: - ASTM: EZ33A JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsAero gearbox housings, engine accessory cases
Key producersMagnesium Elektron (Luxfer MEL), Norsk Hydro, Dead Sea Magnesium
Zinc · Superloy
Superloy
Superloy Zinc Alloy
High-Al-Cu die-cast Zn with high strength and hardness
Composition Zn 92.7% Al 4.5% Cu 2.5% Mg 0.03%
GB: - ASTM: - JIS: - EN: ZnAl4Cu3 super
ApplicationsZinc tooling, structural parts, hardware
Key producersMagnesium Elektron (Luxfer MEL), Norsk Hydro, Dead Sea Magnesium
Tin · Sn42Bi58
Sn42Bi58
Sn42Bi58 Low-Temp Solder
Sn-Bi eutectic at 138 °C with low thermal expansion
Composition Sn 42% Bi 58%
GB: Sn42Bi58 ASTM: - JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsHeat-sensitive components, camera modules, chip packaging
Key producersIndium Corporation, AIM Solder, Alpha Assembly Solutions
Tungsten · WRe25
WRe25
WRe25 Tungsten-Rhenium
W-Re with high recrystallization temperature and better ductility than W
Composition W 75% Re 25%
GB: WRe25 ASTM: - JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsHigh-temp thermocouples, X-ray targets, rocket-engine parts
Key producersPlansee, H.C. Starck, A.L.M.T. Corp, Kennametal
Molybdenum · MoRe47
MoRe47
MoRe47 Molybdenum-Rhenium
Mo-Re balancing low-temperature toughness and hot strength
Composition Mo 53% Re 47%
GB: MoRe47 ASTM: - JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsVacuum tubes, filament cores, high-temp furnace parts
Key producersPlansee, H.C. Starck, A.L.M.T. Corp, Kennametal
Niobium · C-103
C-103
C-103 Niobium Alloy
Nb-Hf-Ti with high weldable strength at ~1450 °C
Composition Nb 89% Hf 10% Ti 1%
GB: NbHf10Ti approx. ASTM: R04295 JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsRocket nozzles, thrusters, hot structures
Key producersH.C. Starck, ATI (Wah Chang), Global Advanced Metals
Niobium · NbTi
NbTi
NbTi Niobium-Titanium
Superconducting alloy with Tc ~9 K, windable into wire
Composition Nb 54% Ti 46%
GB: NbTi ASTM: - JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsMRI magnets, accelerator magnets, SC cables
Key producersLuvata, Western Superconducting Technology, Oxford Instruments
Cobalt · Haynes 188
Haynes 188
Haynes 188 Cobalt Alloy
Solid-solution Co-Ni-Cr-W oxidation-resistant to ~1095 °C
Composition Co 39% Cr 22% W 14% Ni 22% Fe 3% C 0.1%
GB: GH5188 ASTM: R30188 JIS: - EN: 2.4683
ApplicationsGT combustors, diffusers, furnace fixtures
Key producersHaynes International
Cobalt · MP35N
MP35N
MP35N Cobalt-Nickel Alloy
Multiphase strengthened Co-Ni with high strength and corrosion resistance
Composition Co 35% Ni 35% Cr 20% Mo 10%
GB: - ASTM: R30035 JIS: - EN: 2.4999
ApplicationsMedical implants, springs, subsea connectors
Key producersSPS Technologies, Carpenter Technology, Elgiloy Specialty Metals
Gold · Au9999
Au9999
999 Fine Gold
High-purity gold, non-oxidizing with superb ductility
Composition Au 99.9%
GB: Au9999 ASTM: - JIS: K24 EN: 999.9
ApplicationsBullion, jewelry, wire bonding
Key producersHeraeus, Metalor, Tanaka Kikinzoku, Umicore
Gold · Pd950
Pd950
Pd950 Palladium Alloy
Ru-hardened palladium, white precious metal lighter than platinum
Composition Pd 95% Ru 5%
GB: Pd950 ASTM: - JIS: Pd950 EN: -
ApplicationsJewelry, white-gold alternative, electrical contacts
Key producersHeraeus, Metalor, Tanaka Kikinzoku, Umicore
Tin · AuSn20
AuSn20
AuSn20 Gold-Tin Solder
Au-Sn eutectic (280 °C) with excellent hermeticity
Composition Au 80% Sn 20%
GB: AuSn20 ASTM: - JIS: - EN: -
ApplicationsOptoelectronic packaging, hermetic semiconductor seals, RF packages
Key producersHeraeus, Metalor, Tanaka Kikinzoku, Umicore
Gold · Pt950Co
Pt950Co
Pt950Co Platinum-Cobalt
Co-hardened platinum harder than pure Pt
Composition Pt 95% Co 5%
GB: Pt950 ASTM: - JIS: Pt950Co EN: -
ApplicationsFine jewelry, watch cases, medical electrodes
Key producersHeraeus, Metalor, Tanaka Kikinzoku, Umicore
Tin · Sn99.3Cu0.7
Sn99.3Cu0.7
Sn99.3Cu0.7 Lead-Free Solder
Low-cost lead-free solder (227 °C), SAC alternative
Composition Sn 99.3% Cu 0.7%
GB: Sn99.3Cu0.7 ASTM: J-STD-006 JIS: - EN: SC07
ApplicationsWave soldering, dip soldering, general assembly
Key producersIndium Corporation, AIM Solder, Alpha Assembly Solutions
Copper · BCuP-5
BCuP-5
BCuP-5 Copper-Phosphorus-Silver Braze
Cu-P-Ag braze self-fluxing on copper and its alloys
Composition Cu 80% Ag 15% P 5%
GB: BCu80AgP ASTM: BCuP-5 JIS: BcuP-5 EN: CuP279
ApplicationsRefrigeration lines, motor rotors, Cu-Cu brazing
Key producersLucas-Milhaupt, Harris Products Group, Wall Colmonoy
Copper · BNi-2
BNi-2
BNi-2 Nickel-Based Braze
Ni-Cr-Si-B braze giving oxidation-resistant high-temp joints
Composition Ni 82.5% Cr 7% Si 4.5% B 3% Fe 3%
GB: BNi-2 ASTM: BNi-2 JIS: BNi-2 EN: Ni620
ApplicationsHigh-temp brazing of stainless/Ni alloys, honeycombs
Key producersLucas-Milhaupt, Harris Products Group, Wall Colmonoy
Gallium · Galinstan
Galinstan
Galinstan Liquid Metal
Room-temperature liquid metal (-19 °C), non-toxic mercury substitute
Composition Ga 68% In 22% Sn 10%
GB: - ASTM: - JIS: - EN: Galinstan
ApplicationsFlexible electronics, thermal interface materials, reconfigurable antennas
Key producersGeratherm Medical (brand), Ames Laboratory
Bismuth · Wood's metal
Wood's metal
Wood's Metal
Low-melting alloy (~70 °C) for fusible cores and safety plugs
Composition Bi 50% Pb 25% Sn 12.5% Cd 12.5%
GB: Bi50Pb25Sn12.5Cd12.5 ASTM: - JIS: - EN: Wood's metal
ApplicationsCast cores, fusible safety plugs, radiation shielding
Key producersRotometals, Bolton Metal Products
Iron · Q215
Q215
Carbon Structural Steel Q215
Plain carbon structural steel with moderate strength, good weldability and low cost
Composition C 0.15% Mn 0.45% Si 0.3% Fe 99.1%
GB: Q215 ASTM: A283C JIS: SS330 EN: S235JR
ApplicationsBuilding steel frames, bridges, vessels, agricultural parts
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · 20#
20#
Quality Carbon Steel 20
Quality low-carbon steel with good ductility and toughness, carburizable
Composition C 0.2% Mn 0.5% Si 0.27% Fe 99.03%
GB: 20 ASTM: 1020 JIS: S20C EN: 1.0402
ApplicationsShafts, connecting rods, gear blanks, fasteners
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · 12L14
12L14
Free-Cutting Steel 12L14
Lead-sulfur free-cutting steel with excellent machinability and fine surface finish
Composition C 0.15% Mn 1.1% S 0.35% Pb 0.25% Fe 98.15%
GB: Y15Pb ASTM: 12L14 JIS: SUM22L EN: 11SMnPb30
ApplicationsPrecision machined parts, instruments, computer components
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · X65
X65
Pipeline Steel X65
Micro-alloyed controlled-rolled high-strength line pipe steel with good low-temperature toughness
Composition C 0.12% Mn 1.6% Nb 0.05% V 0.06% Fe 98.17%
GB: L485 API: 5L X65 ISO: L485
ApplicationsLong-distance oil & gas pipelines, offshore pipelines
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · A286
A286
A286 Iron-Based Superalloy
Fe-Ni base precipitation-hardened alloy with good strength and oxidation resistance up to 650°C
Composition Ni 26% Cr 15% Ti 2% Mo 1.3% V 0.3% Fe 55.4%
GB: GH2132 ASTM: A286 (S66286) JIS: SUH660 EN: 1.4980
ApplicationsGas turbine blades, turbine discs, high-temperature fasteners
Key producersCarpenter Technology, Special Metals, Allegheny Technologies
Iron · Invar
Invar
Invar (FeNi36)
Extremely low thermal expansion (~1.2×10⁻⁶/K) with excellent dimensional stability
Composition Ni 36% C 0.02% Mn 0.35% Fe 63.63%
GB: 4J36 ASTM: K93600 EN: 1.3912
ApplicationsPrecision instruments, gauge blocks, laser mirrors, bimetal strips
Key producersCarpenter Technology, Imphy Alloys (Aperam), Aperam
Iron · Kovar
Kovar
Kovar (FeNi29Co17)
Expansion matches borosilicate glass, enabling hermetic glass-to-metal seals
Composition Ni 29% Co 17% Mn 0.3% Si 0.2% Fe 53.5%
GB: 4J29 ASTM: K94610 EN: 1.3981
ApplicationsTube leads, semiconductor packages, vacuum devices
Key producersCarpenter Technology, Imphy Alloys (Aperam), Aperam
Iron · T8
T8
Carbon Tool Steel T8
High-carbon tool steel with high hardness and wear resistance, moderate hardenability
Composition C 0.8% Mn 0.4% Si 0.3% Fe 98.5%
GB: T8 ASTM: W108 JIS: SK5 EN: 1.1625
ApplicationsPunches, shears, woodworking tools, gauges
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Iron · 5CrNiMo
5CrNiMo
Hot-Work Die Steel 5CrNiMo
Good toughness and thermal fatigue resistance, ideal for large hot-forging dies
Composition C 0.55% Cr 0.7% Ni 1.65% Mo 0.25% Fe 96.85%
GB: 5CrNiMo ASTM: L6 JIS: SKT4 EN: 1.2713
ApplicationsHot-forging dies, hammer dies, hot-upsetting dies
Key producersBaosteel, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel, POSCO
Aluminium · 1070
1070
Commercially Pure Aluminum 1070
High-purity aluminum with excellent conductivity, corrosion resistance and formability
Composition Al 99.7%
GB: 1070 ASTM: A91070 JIS: A1070 EN: EN AW-1070A
ApplicationsBus bars, capacitor foil, food packaging
Key producersAlcoa, Chalco, Rusal
Aluminium · 1350
1350
EC Aluminum 1350
Electrical-conductor grade (EC) aluminum, conductivity ~61% IACS
Composition Al 99.5%
GB: 1350 ASTM: A91350
ApplicationsPower conductors, cables, busways
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 2219
2219
Aluminum 2219
Al-Cu aerospace alloy with good elevated-temperature strength and better weldability than 2024
Composition Cu 6.3% Mn 0.3% Zr 0.18% V 0.1% Al 93.12%
GB: 2219 ASTM: A92219 JIS: A2219 EN: EN AW-2219
ApplicationsRocket propellant tanks, space structures, supersonic aircraft skins
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Aluminium · 2A12
2A12
Duralumin 2A12 (LY12)
The classic Chinese aerospace duralumin with high strength, moderate corrosion resistance (needs alclad)
Composition Cu 4.3% Mg 1.5% Mn 0.6% Al 93.6%
GB: 2A12 (LY12) ASTM: 2024 JIS: A2024
ApplicationsAircraft skins, panels, spars, rivets
Key producersAlcoa, Chalco, Rusal
Aluminium · 7A04
7A04
Ultra-High Strength Aluminum 7A04 (LC4)
Al-Zn-Mg-Cu ultra-high-strength alloy near 7075 levels, age-hardenable
Composition Zn 5.8% Mg 2.5% Cu 1.5% Cr 0.2% Al 90%
GB: 7A04 (LC4) ASTM: 7075 JIS: A7075
ApplicationsLanding gear, truss structures, high-strength members
Key producersAlcoa, Chalco, Rusal
Aluminium · 4043
4043
4043 Al-Si Filler Wire
Versatile Al-Si filler wire with good fluidity and better crack resistance than pure Al wire
Composition Si 5% Fe 0.8% Al 94.2%
GB: SAl 4043 ASTM: A94043 JIS: A4043 EN: AlSi5
ApplicationsWelding of 6061/6063 etc., repair of aluminum castings
Key producersEsab, Lincoln Electric, Hobart, Airgas (filler metals)
Aluminium · 5356
5356
5356 Al-Mg Filler Wire
Al-Mg filler wire with high strength, corrosion resistance and color-matched welds
Composition Mg 5% Mn 0.12% Cr 0.12% Al 94.76%
GB: SAl 5356 ASTM: A95356 JIS: A5356 EN: AlMg5
ApplicationsWelding of 5083/5052 marine alloys, offshore structures
Key producersEsab, Lincoln Electric, Hobart, Airgas (filler metals)
Aluminium · A380
A380
A380 Die-Casting Aluminum
The world's most common die-casting alloy with good fluidity, strength and pressure tightness
Composition Si 8.5% Cu 3.5% Fe 1.0% Al 87%
GB: YL112 ASTM: A03800 JIS: ADC10 EN: EN AC-46000
ApplicationsAutomotive housings, power-tool bodies, appliance parts
Key producersAlcoa, Rusal, Rio Tinto, Chalco
Copper · C10200
C10200
Oxygen-Free Copper C10200 (OFHC)
Oxygen-free high-conductivity copper, conductivity ≥100% IACS, immune to hydrogen embrittlement
Composition Cu 99.95%
GB: TU0 ASTM: C10200 JIS: C1020 EN: CW009A
ApplicationsElectron tubes, superconducting magnets, vacuum electronic devices
Key producersAurubis, KME Group, Wieland Werke
Copper · C18150
C18150
Chromium-Zirconium Copper C18150
Precipitation-hardened copper combining high strength, high conductivity and high softening temperature
Composition Cr 0.8% Zr 0.1% Cu 99.1%
GB: CuCrZr ASTM: C18150 JIS: C18150 EN: CuCr1Zr CW106C
ApplicationsResistance-welding electrodes, welding wheels, motor commutators
Key producersMaterion, Aurubis, Fisk Alloy
Copper · C14500
C14500
Tellurium Copper C14500
Free-machining high-conductivity copper with ~3× machinability of pure Cu while keeping 90%+ IACS
Composition Te 0.5% Cu 99.5%
GB: TTe ASTM: C14500 JIS: C1450 EN: CuTeP CW118C
ApplicationsConnectors, electrodes, precision electrical parts
Key producersAurubis, KME Group, Wieland Werke
Copper · C23000
C23000
Red Brass C23000
Low-zinc brass (red brass) with warm color and balanced corrosion resistance and formability
Composition Cu 85% Zn 15%
GB: H85 ASTM: C23000 JIS: C2300 EN: CuZn15
ApplicationsPlumbing fittings, radiator cores, architectural hardware
Key producersKME Group, Wieland Werke, Aurubis
Copper · C83600
C83600
85-5-5-5 Red Brass C83600
Classic cast copper alloy (85-5-5-5) with good castability and machinability
Composition Cu 85% Sn 5% Pb 5% Zn 5%
GB: ZQSn5-5-5 ASTM: C83600
ApplicationsValves, fittings, pump bodies, marine hardware
Key producersConcast Metal Products, National Bronze & Metals
Copper · C93200
C93200
SAE 660 Bearing Bronze C93200
High-lead tin bronze with wear resistance and self-lubrication, widely used for bushings
Composition Cu 83% Sn 7% Pb 7% Zn 3%
GB: ZQSn6-6-3 ASTM: C93200 SAE: 660
ApplicationsPlain bearings, bushings, worm wheels
Key producersConcast Metal Products, National Bronze & Metals
Copper · C95500
C95500
Cast Nickel-Aluminum Bronze C95500
High-strength Ni-Al bronze with seawater and wear resistance, heat treatable
Composition Al 11% Ni 4% Fe 4% Cu 81%
GB: ZCuAl10Fe4Ni4 ASTM: C95500
ApplicationsShip propellers, deep-sea valve bodies, landing-gear parts
Key producersAurubis, KME Group, Wieland Werke
Nickel · Nickel 200
Nickel 200
Nickel 200
Commercially pure nickel resistant to strong caustics and reducing media, readily workable
Composition Ni 99.5% Mn 0.25% Fe 0.2%
GB: N4 ASTM: N02200 JIS: NW2200 EN: 2.4066
ApplicationsCaustic-soda equipment, food processing, battery current collectors
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI Specialty Materials, Carpenter Technology, VDM Metals
Nickel · Nickel 201
Nickel 201
Nickel 201
Low-carbon nickel that avoids graphite precipitation above 300°C, low intergranular corrosion risk
Composition Ni 99.5% C 0.02% Mn 0.2%
GB: N4 ASTM: N02201 JIS: NW2201 EN: 2.4068
ApplicationsHigh-temperature caustic equipment, chemical evaporators
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI Specialty Materials, Carpenter Technology, VDM Metals
Nickel · Hastelloy C-2000
Hastelloy C-2000
Hastelloy C-2000
Cr-Mo-Cu hardened alloy resisting both oxidizing and reducing media, among the most versatile corrosion alloys
Composition Cr 23% Mo 16% Cu 1.6% Ni 59.4%
GB: NS3305 ASTM: N06200 EN: 2.4675
ApplicationsSulfuric/hydrochloric acid plants, chemical heat exchangers, pollution-control equipment
Key producersHaynes International
Nickel · IN-100
IN-100
IN-100 Cast Nickel Superalloy
High Al+Ti cast superalloy, turbine-blade material rated around 980°C
Composition Co 15% Cr 10% Al 5.5% Ti 4.7% Mo 3% V 1% Ni 60.8%
ASTM: IN-100
ApplicationsAero-engine turbine blades and vanes
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI, VDM Metals, Carpenter Technology
Nickel · CMSX-4
CMSX-4
CMSX-4 Single-Crystal Superalloy
Second-generation rhenium-bearing single-crystal alloy with no grain boundaries, superb creep and thermal-fatigue resistance
Composition Co 9% Cr 6.5% W 6.5% Ta 6.5% Al 5.6% Re 3% Ti 1% Mo 0.6% Hf 0.1% Ni 61.2%
ASTM: CMSX-4
ApplicationsSingle-crystal turbine blades in advanced aero engines
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI, VDM Metals, Carpenter Technology
Nickel · Haynes 230
Haynes 230
Haynes 230
W-solution-hardened alloy with high long-term service temperature, excellent oxidation resistance and stability
Composition Cr 22% W 14% Mo 2% Co 5% Fe 3% Ni 54%
GB: GH230 ASTM: N06230 EN: 2.4733
ApplicationsGas-turbine combustors, industrial-furnace parts, aero bellows
Key producersHaynes International
Nickel · Incoloy 800H
Incoloy 800H
Incoloy 800H
Fe-Ni-Cr solution-strengthened with good creep and oxidation resistance, a furnace classic
Composition Ni 33% Cr 21% Ti 0.4% Al 0.4% Fe 45.2%
GB: NS1101 ASTM: N08810 JIS: NCF800H EN: 1.4958
ApplicationsCracker tubes, heat-treatment baskets, heat exchangers
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI Specialty Materials, Carpenter Technology, VDM Metals
Titanium · TC20
TC20
Ti-6Al-7Nb TC20
Vanadium-free medical α+β titanium alloy with TC4-class biocompatibility and no toxicity
Composition Al 6% Nb 7% Ti 87%
GB: TC20 ASTM: F1295 ISO: 5832-11
ApplicationsJoint prostheses, bone plates, dental implants
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Titanium · Beta-C
Beta-C
Beta-C Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Zr-4Mo
Beta titanium with high aged strength, low modulus and excellent cold formability
Composition V 8% Cr 6% Zr 4% Mo 4% Al 3% Ti 75%
GB: TB9 ASTM: Beta-C (Ti-38-6-44)
ApplicationsSprings, fasteners, oil-well tools, medical devices
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Titanium · Ti-662
Ti-662
Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn (Ti-662)
α+β titanium stronger than Ti-6Al-4V, used for heavily loaded aircraft structures
Composition Al 6% V 6% Sn 2% Cu 0.6% Fe 0.6% Ti 84.8%
GB: TC9 ASTM: Ti-662
ApplicationsAirframe bulkheads, landing-gear beams, rocket casings
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Titanium · Ti-6246
Ti-6246
Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo
High-Mo near-β titanium with deep through-hardening and excellent creep strength at elevated temperature
Composition Al 6% Mo 6% Sn 2% Zr 4% Ti 82%
GB: TC12 ASTM: Ti-6246 AMS: 4981
ApplicationsCompressor discs, fan discs, fasteners
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Magnesium · QE22
QE22
QE22 Mg-Ag-RE Alloy
Mg-Ag-Nd rare-earth alloy with good elevated-temperature strength and creep resistance, heat treatable
Composition Ag 2.5% Nd 2% Zr 0.6% Mg 94.9%
ASTM: QE22A
ApplicationsAero-engine gearbox housings, helicopter components
Key producersMagnesium Elektron (Luxfer MEL), Norsk Hydro, Dead Sea Magnesium
Magnesium · Elektron 21
Elektron 21
Elektron 21 Magnesium
Mg-Nd-Gd aerospace alloy with superior creep resistance and better corrosion resistance than AZ series
Composition Nd 2.6% Gd 1.3% Zn 0.25% Zr 0.4% Mg 95.45%
ASTM: EV31A
ApplicationsAero gearbox housings, racing components, 3C housings
Key producersMagnesium Elektron (Luxfer MEL), Norsk Hydro, Dead Sea Magnesium
Cobalt · Stellite 12
Stellite 12
Stellite 12
Co-Cr-W-C hardfacing alloy balancing high-temperature wear resistance and impact toughness
Composition Cr 29% W 8% C 1.8% Co 61.2%
ASTM: Stellite 12
ApplicationsValve seats, cams, pump-plunger hardfacing
Key producersKennametal (Stellite), Deloro Stellite, Stryker (Howmedica)
Cobalt · Vitallium
Vitallium
Vitallium Co-Cr-Mo (F75)
Cast Co-Cr-Mo medical alloy with excellent wear, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility
Composition Cr 28% Mo 5.5% C 0.2% Co 66.3%
ASTM: F75 ISO: 5832-4
ApplicationsHip prostheses, dental frameworks, cardiovascular stents
Key producersKennametal (Stellite), Deloro Stellite, Stryker (Howmedica)
Cobalt · Elgiloy
Elgiloy
Elgiloy Co-Cr-Ni Alloy
Cobalt-based spring alloy with high fatigue strength, corrosion resistance and non-magnetism
Composition Co 40% Cr 20% Ni 15% Mo 7% Mn 2% Fe 16%
ASTM: R30003 UNS: R30003
ApplicationsPrecision springs, medical guidewires, instrument hairsprings
Key producersSPS Technologies, Carpenter Technology, Elgiloy Specialty Metals
Tungsten · WNiCu
WNiCu
W-Ni-Cu Heavy Tungsten Alloy
Non-magnetic high-density tungsten alloy, machinable, copper replaces iron to avoid magnetization
Composition W 90% Ni 6% Cu 4%
ApplicationsGyroscope rotors, medical shielding, counterweights
Key producersPlansee, H.C. Starck, A.L.M.T. Corp, Kennametal
Tantalum · Ta-2.5W
Ta-2.5W
Ta-2.5W Tantalum-Tungsten
Ta-base solution-hardened alloy stronger than pure tantalum with excellent resistance to strong acids
Composition W 2.5% Ta 97.5%
ASTM: R05252
ApplicationsChemical heat exchangers, acid reactors, electrolytic anodes
Key producersH.C. Starck, Global Advanced Metals, Cabot
Zirconium · Zircaloy-2
Zircaloy-2
Zircaloy-2 (Zr-2)
Sn-series zirconium alloy with low thermal-neutron absorption, standard BWR fuel-cladding material
Composition Sn 1.5% Fe 0.15% Cr 0.1% Ni 0.05% Zr 98.2%
GB: Zr-2 ASTM: R60802
ApplicationsBWR fuel cladding, in-core structural components
Key producersATI (Wah Chang), Westinghouse, Framatome
Zirconium · Zr-2.5Nb
Zr-2.5Nb
Zr-2.5Nb Zirconium-Niobium
Zr-Nb alloy stronger than Zircaloy, the CANDU pressure-tube material
Composition Nb 2.5% Zr 97.5%
GB: Zr-2.5Nb ASTM: R60901
ApplicationsCANDU pressure tubes, fuel assemblies
Key producersATI (Wah Chang), Westinghouse, Framatome
Gold · 10K
10K
10K Gold
41.7% gold (10/24), hard and affordable, common in US & European jewelry
Composition Au 41.7% Ag 33% Cu 25.3%
GB: GB 11887
ApplicationsEveryday jewelry, devotional items, gold-plating base
Key producersHeraeus, Metalor, Tanaka Kikinzoku, Umicore
Gold · 22K
22K
22K Gold
91.7% gold with rich color, mainstream in South Asian and Middle Eastern jewelry
Composition Au 91.7% Ag 5% Cu 3.3%
GB: GB 11887
ApplicationsWedding jewelry, gold coins, gift ornaments
Key producersHeraeus, Metalor, Tanaka Kikinzoku, Umicore
Platinum · PtRh10
PtRh10
Pt-10Rh Thermocouple Alloy
Pt-10Rh (Type S) thermocouple material with stable readings up to 1600°C
Composition Pt 90% Rh 10%
GB: PtRh10 ASTM: Pt-10Rh
ApplicationsType S thermocouples, high-temperature sensing, crucibles and glass-fiber bushings
Key producersHeraeus, Metalor, Tanaka Kikinzoku, Umicore
Silicon · SiC
SiC
Silicon Carbide (SiC)
Wide-bandgap semiconductor with excellent thermal conductivity, for high temperature/power/frequency
Composition Si 50% C 50%
SEMI: SiC ASTM: F2734
ApplicationsPower devices, EV inverters, high-temperature sensors
Key producersWolfspeed, SiCrystal (ROHM), Coherent (II-VI)
Silicon · SiGe
SiGe
SiGe (Silicon-Germanium)
Si-Ge solid solution with higher mobility than Si and tunable bandgap
Composition Si 70% Ge 30%
ApplicationsHigh-speed RF chips, HBT bipolar transistors, infrared detectors
Key producersIQE, Tower Semiconductor, specialty thermoelectric R&D
Arsenic · GaAs
GaAs
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)
Second-gen compound semiconductor with high electron mobility, direct bandgap and good light emission
Composition Ga 50% As 50%
ApplicationsRF power amplifiers, laser diodes, cellphone PA chips
Key producersSumitomo Electric, AXT, IQE
Nitrogen · GaN
GaN
Gallium Nitride (GaN)
Wide-bandgap semiconductor with very high breakdown field, power density and temperature capability
Composition Ga 50% N 50%
ApplicationsFast chargers, 5G base-station amplifiers, LED substrates
Key producersWolfspeed, SiCrystal (ROHM), Coherent
Phosphorus · InP
InP
Indium Phosphide (InP)
Extremely high electron mobility, ideal for high-speed optical communications and THz devices
Composition In 50% P 50%
ApplicationsOptical-module lasers, photodetectors, high-frequency transistors
Key producersSumitomo Electric, AXT, IQE
Tellurium · CdTe
CdTe
Cadmium Telluride (CdTe)
Direct-bandgap thin-film photovoltaic with high absorption and low manufacturing cost
Composition Cd 50% Te 50%
ApplicationsCdTe thin-film solar cells, infrared optical windows
Key producersFerrotec, 5N Plus, Coherent
Tellurium · Bi2Te3
Bi2Te3
Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3)
Among the best room-temperature thermoelectric materials with high figure of merit ZT
Composition Bi 40% Te 60%
ApplicationsThermoelectric coolers, TEG generators, chip cooling
Key producersFerrotec, 5N Plus
Tellurium · PbTe
PbTe
Lead Telluride (PbTe)
Mid-temperature thermoelectric material efficient in the 300-500°C range
Composition Pb 50% Te 50%
ApplicationsRadioisotope thermoelectric generators, industrial waste-heat recovery
Key producers5N Plus, specialty thermoelectric suppliers
Selenium · ZnSe
ZnSe
Zinc Selenide (ZnSe)
Excellent IR transmission, low dispersion, wide-bandgap light emitter
Composition Zn 50% Se 50%
ApplicationsCO2 laser optics, IR lenses, blue-green LEDs
Key producersCoherent (II-VI), 5N Plus, First Solar
Selenium · CIGS
CIGS
CIGS (CuInGaSe2)
Quaternary thin-film photovoltaic with the highest efficiency among thin-film solar cells
Composition Cu 25% In 25% Ga 25% Se 25%
ApplicationsFlexible solar cells, building-integrated photovoltaics
Key producersAvancis, Solar Frontier (thin-film); R&D
Tungsten · WC-Co
WC-Co
Cemented Carbide WC-Co
Tungsten-carbide hard phase with cobalt binder: very hard, wear-resistant, good red hardness
Composition W 82% C 6% Co 12%
ISO: K10 GB: YG6
ApplicationsCutting tools, drill bits, dies, wear parts
Key producersSandvik (Coromant), Kennametal, Mitsubishi Materials, H.C. Starck
Tungsten · WC-Ni
WC-Ni
Cemented Carbide WC-Ni
Ni-bonded cemented carbide with better corrosion resistance than WC-Co and good hot strength
Composition W 84% C 6% Ni 10%
ApplicationsCorrosion-wear seal rings, chemical pump valves, hot-rolling rings
Key producersSandvik (Coromant), Kennametal, Mitsubishi Materials, H.C. Starck
Carbon · PCD
PCD
Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD)
Diamond grit sintered with cobalt, near-natural-diamond hardness and extreme wear resistance
Composition C 95% Co 5%
ApplicationsCarbide cutting tools, stone processing, geological drill bits
Key producersElement Six (de Beers), Diamond Innovations
Iron · FeSi
FeSi
Ferrosilicon (FeSi)
Steelmaking deoxidizer and alloying agent, graded by silicon content
Composition Si 75% Fe 25%
GB: FeSi75 ASTM: A100
ApplicationsSteel deoxidation, silicon-steel production, cast-iron inoculation
Key producersFerroGlobe, Eramet, Glencore, IMC AG
Iron · FeMn
FeMn
Ferromanganese (FeMn)
Adds manganese and sulfur removal for steelmaking; high/medium/low carbon grades
Composition Mn 76% Fe 24%
GB: FeMn76 ASTM: A99
ApplicationsMn-steel production, electrode coatings, cast iron
Key producersFerroGlobe, Eramet, Glencore, IMC AG
Iron · FeCr
FeCr
Ferrochromium (FeCr)
Chromium source for stainless and heat-resistant steels; high/low carbon grades
Composition Cr 65% Fe 35%
GB: FeCr65 ASTM: A481
ApplicationsStainless-steel production, alloy steels, refractories
Key producersFerroGlobe, Eramet, Glencore, IMC AG
Iron · FeMo
FeMo
Ferromolybdenum (FeMo)
Adds molybdenum to steel, improving hardenability and hot strength
Composition Mo 60% Fe 40%
GB: FeMo60 ASTM: A132
ApplicationsHigh-speed, tool and heat-resistant steel production
Key producersFerroGlobe, Eramet, Glencore, IMC AG
Iron · FeV
FeV
Ferrovanadium (FeV)
Micro-alloying vanadium source that refines grains and raises strength
Composition V 50% Fe 50%
GB: FeV50 ASTM: A102
ApplicationsHSLA steels, spring steels, tool and die steels
Key producersFerroGlobe, Eramet, Glencore, IMC AG
Iron · FeTi
FeTi
Ferrotitanium (FeTi)
Ferroalloy for deoxidation, nitrogen fixing and grain refinement in steel
Composition Ti 70% Fe 30%
GB: FeTi70
ApplicationsStainless stabilization, pipeline steel, heat-resistant steel
Key producersFerroGlobe, Eramet, Glencore, IMC AG
Iron · FeNb
FeNb
Ferroniobium (FeNb)
Micro-alloying niobium source with strong grain refinement and precipitation strengthening
Composition Nb 65% Fe 35%
GB: FeNb65
ApplicationsPipeline steel, automotive HSLA, stainless steel
Key producersFerroGlobe, Eramet, Glencore, IMC AG
Boron · FeB
FeB
Ferroboron (FeB)
Trace boron greatly boosts hardenability of steel, used in specialty steelmaking
Composition B 18% Fe 82%
GB: FeB18
ApplicationsQuenched-tempered steel, spring steel, amorphous ribbons
Key producersFerroGlobe, Eramet, Glencore, IMC AG
Selenium · Chalcogenide
Chalcogenide
Chalcogenide Glass (Se-Te-As)
Chalcogenide amorphous material with wide IR transmission, high refractive index, optically rewritable
Composition Se 55% Te 25% As 20%
ApplicationsIR optics, phase-change memory, fiber sensing
Key producersSchott, Umicore, Vitron
Silicon · a-Si
a-Si
Amorphous Silicon (a-Si)
Amorphous silicon film, large-area low-temperature deposition with good low-light response
Composition Si 100%
ApplicationsThin-film solar cells, LCD backplanes, optical sensors
Key producersSharp, Panasonic (thin-film); R&D suppliers
Phosphorus · GaP
GaP
Gallium Phosphide (GaP)
Indirect-bandgap wide-bandgap semiconductor with good light output and high-temperature capability
Composition Ga 50% P 50%
ApplicationsYellow-green LEDs, optical substrates, power electronics
Key producersSumitomo Electric, AXT, IQE
Arsenic · InAs
InAs
Indium Arsenide (InAs)
Narrow-bandgap semiconductor with extremely high electron mobility
Composition In 50% As 50%
ApplicationsIR detectors, THz devices, high-speed HEMTs
Key producersSumitomo Electric, AXT, IQE
Sulfur · ZnS
ZnS
Zinc Sulfide (ZnS)
Wide-direct-bandgap semiconductor with good electroluminescence and IR transmission
Composition Zn 50% S 50%
ApplicationsIR optical windows, phosphor hosts, electroluminescent devices
Key producersCoherent (II-VI), Merck KGaA
Oxygen · ZnO
ZnO
Zinc Oxide (ZnO)
Wide-bandgap semiconductor with UV emission, piezoelectric and transparent-conductive properties
Composition Zn 50% O 50%
ApplicationsUV LEDs, transparent electrodes (TCO), piezoelectric sensors, varistors
Key producersSaint-Gobain, Kyocera, Materion
Oxygen · ITO
ITO
Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)
Transparent conductive oxide with >85% visible transmission and good conductivity
Composition In 90% Sn 10% O 26%
ApplicationsTouchscreens, OLED anodes, LCD electrodes, solar-cell electrodes
Key producersJX Nippon Mining & Metals, Mitsui Mining & Smelting, Yunnan Germanium
Lead · MAPbI3
MAPbI3
Perovskite (MAPbI3)
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite with rapidly rising efficiency, solution-processable
Composition Pb 40% I 55% C 3% N 2%
ApplicationsHigh-efficiency solar cells, photodetectors, light emitters
Key producersResearch & custom thermoelectric suppliers (small-batch)
Tellurium · CdMgTe
CdMgTe
CdMgTe (HRIR material)
II-VI crystal with tunable bandgap, used as heterojunction substrate
Composition Cd 45% Mg 10% Te 45%
ApplicationsHgCdTe substrates, IR detector materials
Key producersFirst Solar, 5N Plus (II-VI); R&D for CdMgTe
Nitrogen · Si3N4
Si3N4
Silicon Nitride (Si3N4)
Leading engineering ceramic with high hot strength, thermal-shock resistance, wear and corrosion resistance
Composition Si 60% N 40%
ISO: 26602 ASTM: F2724
ApplicationsCeramic bearings, turbine blades, cutting inserts, glow plugs
Key producersSaint-Gobain, Kyocera, Morgan Advanced Materials, 3M
Boron · B4C
B4C
Boron Carbide (B4C)
Ultra-hard, lightweight ceramic with large neutron-absorption cross-section
Composition B 78% C 22%
ASTM: C1421
ApplicationsBallistic armor, nuclear shielding, abrasive blast nozzles
Key producersSaint-Gobain, Kyocera, Morgan Advanced Materials, 3M
Oxygen · Al2O3
Al2O3
Alumina (Al2O3)
The most widely used structural ceramic: insulating, wear-resistant, high-temperature and corrosion resistant
Composition Al 53% O 47%
ISO: ISO 6872 ASTM: F2094
ApplicationsCircuit substrates, spark plugs, abrasives, crucibles
Key producersSaint-Gobain, Kyocera, Morgan Advanced Materials, 3M
Oxygen · ZrO2
ZrO2
Zirconia (ZrO2)
Transformation-toughened ceramic with top strength/toughness and biocompatibility
Composition Zr 74% O 26%
ISO: 6872 ASTM: C1473
ApplicationsCeramic knives, dental crowns, oxygen sensors, fiber-optic ferrules
Key producersSaint-Gobain, Kyocera, Morgan Advanced Materials, 3M
Titanium · TiAl
TiAl
Titanium Aluminide (TiAl)
Low-density ordered intermetallic with excellent strength and creep resistance at 600-800°C
Composition Ti 54% Al 46%
ASTM: F2791
ApplicationsLP turbine blades, turbocharger wheels, high-temperature valves
Key producersGE Aviation, ATI
Nickel · Ni3Al
Ni3Al
Nickel Aluminide (Ni3Al)
L12 superstructure intermetallic with anomalous strengthening at high temperature, oxidation resistant
Composition Ni 75% Al 25%
ApplicationsHigh-temperature furnace parts, turbine blade cores, hot dies
Key producersSpecialty R&D suppliers (e.g., Ames Laboratory, ATI)
Molybdenum · MoSi2
MoSi2
Molybdenum Disilicide (MoSi2)
High-melting intermetallic used for heating elements, oxidation resistant to high temperature
Composition Mo 50% Si 50%
ApplicationsHigh-temperature heating elements, furnace heaters, turbine hot-section parts
Key producersSandvik Kanthal (heating elements), H.C. Starck
Iron · Fe-B-Si
Fe-B-Si
Iron-Based Amorphous (Fe-B-Si)
Fe-based amorphous with low coercivity and high permeability, core loss ~1/5 of grain-oriented steel
Composition Fe 80% B 10% Si 10%
GB: 1K107 ASTM: F3080
ApplicationsDistribution-transformer cores, motor cores, inductor cores
Key producersHitachi Metals (Metglas), Proterial
Cobalt · Co-Fe-Si-B
Co-Fe-Si-B
Cobalt-Based Amorphous (Co-Fe-Si-B)
Ultra-high initial permeability, near-zero magnetostriction and low high-frequency loss
Composition Co 70% Fe 8% Si 12% B 10%
ApplicationsHigh-frequency transformers, magnetic sensors, SMPS, EMI-suppression components
Key producersHitachi Metals (Metglas), Proterial
Zirconium · Zr-BMG
Zr-BMG
Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass (Zr-Cu-Ni-Al)
Bulk metallic glass with high strength, high elastic limit, moldable like plastic
Composition Zr 55% Cu 25% Ni 10% Al 10%
ApplicationsPremium watch cases, sports equipment, surgical scalpel blades
Key producersLiquidmetal Technologies, Materion
Lanthanum · LaNi5
LaNi5
LaNi5 (AB5)
Classic AB5 hydrogen-storage alloy with reversible sorption at ambient temperature and pressure
Composition La 32% Ni 68%
ApplicationsNiMH battery anodes, hydrogen storage/transport, hydrogen compressors
Key producersSantoku Corporation, Eutectix, GRINM Group (hydrogen storage)
Titanium · VTiFe
VTiFe
V-Ti-Fe Hydrogen Storage
Solid-solution type alloy with high hydrogen capacity, suited to high-pressure tanks
Composition V 30% Ti 40% Fe 30%
ApplicationsFuel-cell vehicle hydrogen tanks, refueling-station storage
Key producersGRINM Group, Jiangxi Haoma (hydrogen storage)
Yttrium · YNi2
YNi2
Y-Ni Hydrogen Storage (YNi2)
Rare-earth-nickel alloy with stable hydrogen sorption plateau
Composition Y 45% Ni 55%
ApplicationsNiMH anodes, laboratory hydrogen storage
Key producersGRINM Group, Santoku Corporation
Copper · CuZnAl
CuZnAl
Cu-Zn-Al Shape Memory Alloy
Low-cost copper-based shape-memory alloy with tunable transformation temperature
Composition Cu 69% Zn 26% Al 5%
ApplicationsThermostats, pipe couplings, actuator elements
Key producersSAES Getters, Fort Wayne Metals (shape-memory)
Nickel · NiTiCu
NiTiCu
NiTiCu Shape Memory Alloy
NiTi-based with copper: narrow hysteresis, fast response, long cycle life
Composition Ni 45% Ti 45% Cu 10%
ASTM: F2063
ApplicationsStents, micro-actuators, thermal switches (mainly medical)
Key producersSAES Getters, Fort Wayne Metals (shape-memory)
Iron · FeMnSi
FeMnSi
Fe-Mn-Si Shape Memory Alloy
Low-cost Fe-based memory alloy recovering via stress-induced epsilon martensite
Composition Fe 68% Mn 28% Si 4%
ApplicationsSeismic dampers, pipe joints, prestressing materials
Key producersSAES Getters, Fort Wayne Metals (shape-memory)
Tantalum · TaSi2
TaSi2
Tantalum Disilicide (TaSi2)
Refractory intermetallic with ultra-high-temperature oxidation resistance and good conductivity
Composition Ta 63% Si 37%
ApplicationsMEMS gates, ultra-high-temperature composites, thin-film resistors
Key producersH.C. Starck, Global Advanced Metals, Cabot
Titanium · TiSi2
TiSi2
Titanium Disilicide (TiSi2)
Low-resistivity silicide with thermal stability, used in microelectronic interconnects
Composition Ti 25% Si 75%
ApplicationsIC gates and source-drain contacts, thermoelectric elements
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, ATI
Indium · InSb
InSb
Indium Antimonide (InSb)
Narrow-bandgap III-V compound with extremely high mobility and magnetic sensitivity
Composition In 50% Sb 50%
ApplicationsIR detectors, Hall sensors, magnetoresistors
Key producersSumitomo Electric, IQE
Aluminium · RuAl
RuAl
RuAl Intermetallic
High-melting tough intermetallic with oxidation and corrosion resistance, wear-resistant electrode material
Composition Ru 64% Al 36%
ApplicationsThick-film resistor electrodes, wear contacts, high-temperature heaters
Key producersMaterion, specialty intermetallic suppliers (small-batch)
Zirconium · YSZ
YSZ
Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ)
Baseline TBC topcoat with low thermal conductivity, high phase-transformation temperature and strain tolerance
Composition Zr 80% Y 6% O 14%
ApplicationsAero-engine turbine-blade topcoats, gas-turbine hot-section coatings
Key producersTosoh, Praxair Surface Technologies
Zirconium · Gd2Zr2O7
Gd2Zr2O7
Gadolinium Zirconate (GZO)
Pyrochlore-structure TBC with ultra-low thermal conductivity and better high-temperature stability than YSZ
Composition Zr 40% Gd 40% O 20%
ApplicationsNext-gen aero-engine blades, high-thrust-ratio hot-section parts
Key producersTosoh, Praxair Surface Technologies, Saint-Gobain (ceramic powders)
Nickel · MCrAlY
MCrAlY
MCrAlY Bond Coat (NiCoCrAlY)
Bond coat in TBC systems, providing oxidation resistance and adhesion for the topcoat
Composition Ni 55% Co 20% Cr 25%
ApplicationsTurbine-blade TBC bond coats, high-temperature coating bases
Key producersOerlikon Metco, Praxair Surface Technologies (Linde), Sulzer Metco
Cobalt · CoCrMo
CoCrMo
CoCrMo Alloy
Medical-grade Co-based alloy with excellent wear, fatigue resistance and biocompatibility
Composition Co 60% Cr 28% Mo 6% Ni 3% C 0.2%
ASTM: F1537 ISO: 5832-12
ApplicationsHip and knee prostheses, dental frameworks, intramedullary nails
Key producersKennametal (Stellite), Carpenter Technology, Aubert & Duval
Titanium · Ti-6Al-7Nb
Ti-6Al-7Nb
Ti-6Al-7Nb Medical Titanium
Vanadium-free medical titanium with niobium substituting V, good biocompatibility and low modulus
Composition Ti 87% Al 6% Nb 7%
ASTM: F1295 ISO: 5832-11
ApplicationsFracture plates, artificial joints, spinal fixation
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Titanium · Ti-15Mo
Ti-15Mo
Ti-15Mo Medical Titanium
Beta medical titanium with lower elastic modulus and no cytotoxic elements
Composition Ti 85% Mo 15%
ASTM: F2066 ISO: 5832-14
ApplicationsPacemaker leads, minimally-invasive instruments, craniofacial plates
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Magnesium · Mg-Y-Nd
Mg-Y-Nd
Biodegradable Mg-RE Alloy
Biodegradable magnesium alloy that degrades in vivo and promotes bone regeneration
Composition Mg 95% Y 4% Nd 1%
ASTM: F3268 ISO: 5832-14
ApplicationsDegradable bone screws, cardiovascular stents, healing clips
Key producersMagnesium Elektron (Luxfer MEL), Norsk Hydro, Dead Sea Magnesium
Titanium · Gr23 ELI
Gr23 ELI
AM Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23)
Low-interstitial AM titanium with low oxygen, good cryogenic toughness and biocompatibility
Composition Ti 90% Al 5.5% V 4.5%
ASTM: F3301 ISO: 5832-3
ApplicationsAerospace structures, TPMS implants, precision fixtures
Key producersTimet, VSMPO-AVISMA, Howmet Aerospace, Western Superconducting Technology
Iron · AM 17-4PH
AM 17-4PH
AM 17-4PH (AMS 7005)
Precipitation-hardened stainless for AM with high strength and corrosion resistance, age-hardenable
Composition Fe 78% Cr 17% Ni 4% Cu 4% Nb 0.3%
AMS: 7005 ASTM: F2866
ApplicationsAero clamps, hydraulic parts, mold inserts
Key producersCarpenter Technology, ATI, Sandvik, Allegheny Technologies
Nickel · AM IN625
AM IN625
AM Inconel 625
AM Ni superalloy with fatigue and high-temperature corrosion resistance, suited to complex channels
Composition Ni 60% Cr 22% Mo 9% Nb 5% Fe 4%
ASTM: F3056 AMS: 7006
ApplicationsAero fuel nozzles, heat exchangers, impellers
Key producersSpecial Metals, ATI, VDM Metals, Carpenter Technology
Aluminium · AlSi10Mg
AlSi10Mg
AM AlSi10Mg
Common laser-powder Al-Si-Mg alloy with good printability, strength and light weight
Composition Al 89% Si 10% Mg 0.4%
ASTM: F3318 ISO: ASTM-E6000
ApplicationsLightweight brackets, thermal-management parts, conformal-cooling molds
Key producersCarpenter Technology, Höganäs, EOS (AM powders)
Cobalt · AM CoCr
AM CoCr
AM CoCr F75 Powder
Medical AM CoCr with wear/fatigue resistance, porous surface for osseointegration
Composition Co 60% Cr 28% Mo 6% C 0.2%
ASTM: F3301 ISO: 5832-4
ApplicationsAcetabular cups, artificial discs, dental prostheses
Key producersCarpenter Technology, Höganäs (AM powders)
Molybdenum · Mo41Re
Mo41Re
Molybdenum-Rhenium (Mo-41Re)
Rhenium improves molybdenum's low-temperature ductility while retaining excellent hot strength
Composition Mo 59% Re 41%
AMS: 7954
ApplicationsHigh-temperature furnace elements, thermocouple tubes, X-ray targets
Key producersPlansee, H.C. Starck, A.L.M.T. Corp, Kennametal
Tungsten · W25Re
W25Re
Tungsten-Rhenium (W-25Re)
Rhenium raises tungsten toughness and ductility; very high thermocouple temperature limit
Composition W 75% Re 25%
ASTM: F2904
ApplicationsHigh-temperature thermocouples, X-ray tubes, nuclear-reactor parts
Key producersPlansee, H.C. Starck, A.L.M.T. Corp, Kennametal
Iron · FeMnCoCrNi
FeMnCoCrNi
Cantor Alloy (FeMnCoCrNi)
Classic equiatomic high-entropy alloy, single-phase FCC with good cryogenic toughness
Composition Fe 20% Mn 20% Co 20% Cr 20% Ni 20%
ApplicationsCryogenic equipment, nuclear reactors, structural-materials benchmark
Key producersSpecialty R&D suppliers; custom melts (e.g., ATI, Carpenter)
Tungsten · RHEA500
RHEA500
Refractory HEA (W-Mo-Nb-Ta-Ti)
Five-component refractory HEA, single-phase BCC, far stronger than Ni-based alloys at high temperature
Composition W 20% Mo 20% Nb 20% Ta 20% Ti 20%
ApplicationsUltra-high-temperature blades, hypersonic structures, fusion plasma-facing components
Key producersSpecialty R&D suppliers; custom melts (e.g., ATI, Carpenter)
Iron · AlCoCrFeNi
AlCoCrFeNi
AlCoCrFeNi HEA (BCC+RCC)
BCC-type high-entropy alloy with very high strength and wear resistance
Composition Al 20% Co 20% Cr 20% Fe 20% Ni 20%
ApplicationsWear tools, high-temperature dies, armor materials
Key producersSpecialty R&D suppliers; custom melts (e.g., ATI, Carpenter)
Iron · Terfenol-D
Terfenol-D
Terfenol-D (Tb-Dy-Fe)
Extremely high room-temperature magnetostriction (~1500ppm) with efficient magneto-mechanical conversion
Composition Tb 30% Dy 5% Fe 65%
ApplicationsSonar transducers, precision actuators, vibration control
Key producersEtrema Products, Gansu Tianxing Rare Earth
Iron · FeGa
FeGa
Galfenol (Fe-Ga)
Fe-Ga magnetostrictive material that is ductile, machinable and needs no reinforcing elements
Composition Fe 82% Ga 18%
ApplicationsEnergy harvesters, sensors, microrobot actuators
Key producersEtrema Products, Gansu Tianxing Rare Earth
Cobalt · CoSb3
CoSb3
Skutterudite (CoSb3)
Skutterudite thermoelectric with caged cavities that lower thermal conductivity, high figure of merit
Composition Co 32% Sb 68%
ApplicationsMid-temperature waste-heat recovery, deep-space RTGs, automotive exhaust TEG
Key producersResearch & custom thermoelectric suppliers (small-batch)
Zirconium · HfZrNiSn
HfZrNiSn
Half-Heusler (MNiSn)
Half-Heusler thermoelectric, high-temperature capable, non-toxic, ZT above 1 at elevated temperature
Composition Zr 22% Hf 22% Ni 40% Sn 16%
ApplicationsHigh-temperature TEG, industrial kiln heat recovery, thermoelectric integrated devices
Key producersResearch & custom thermoelectric suppliers (small-batch)
Silicon · Si80Ge20
Si80Ge20
SiGe Thermoelectric (Si80Ge20)
Durable high-temperature thermoelectric, radiation-stable, preferred for deep-space RTGs
Composition Si 80% Ge 20%
ApplicationsSpace RTGs, high-temperature heat pumps, IR sensors
Key producersIQE, Tower Semiconductor, specialty thermoelectric R&D
Tellurium · TAGS
TAGS
TAGS Bismuth-Silver Telluride
PbTe-AgSbTe2-family mid-high temperature thermoelectric with high ZT
Composition Te 45% Ag 5% Sb 5% Pb 45%
ApplicationsMid-high temperature waste-heat TEG, isotope energy
Key producersResearch & custom thermoelectric suppliers (small-batch)

Frequently Asked QuestionsLong-tail Q&A · data-driven

How many alloy grades are in the library?
380
Which matrix metals are covered?
Silver, Aluminium, Arsenic, Gold, Boron, Bismuth, Carbon, Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Gallium, Indium, Lanthanum, Magnesium, Molybdenum, Nitrogen, Niobium, Nickel, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Lead, Platinum, Sulfur, Selenium, Silicon, Tin, Tantalum, Tellurium, Titanium, Tungsten, Yttrium, Zinc, Zirconium
Which matrix metals have the most grades?
Iron (102), Aluminium (45), Nickel (42), Copper (40), Titanium (32)